Arginine catabolic mobile element

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The argininkatabolische mobile element ( English arginine catabolic mobile element , ACME) is a mobile genetic element , which as a virulence factor in various staphylococci occurs.

properties

The arginine catabolic mobile element serves the staphylococci as a virulence factor by giving the bacteria an increased resistance to polyamines as part of an immune reaction or during wound healing . Various representatives of the ACME have been identified in various staphylococci, e.g. B. in Staphylococcus epidermidis .

Occurrence in virulent MRSA

ACME are usually not found in antibiotic- sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The mobile genetic element of a spermidine - acetyltransferase -containing ( gene SPEG ) ACME was probably during the MRSA - epidemic of USA300 strains of S. epidermidis in S. aureus transmitted. This expands the habitat of staphylococci beyond the area of ​​the nasal flora so that they can colonize intact skin, which facilitates transmission to other organisms. In addition to ACME, virulence factors in staphylococci include Panton-Valentine leukocidine , phenol-soluble modulin and, in some cases, enterotoxins .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ BA Diep, M. Otto: The role of virulence determinants in community-associated MRSA pathogenesis. In: Trends in microbiology. Volume 16, Number 8, August 2008, pp. 361-369, ISSN  0966-842X . doi : 10.1016 / j.tim.2008.05.002 . PMID 18585915 . PMC 2778837 (free full text).
  2. ↑ Michael Otto: Community-associated MRSA: What makes them special ?. In: International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 303, 2013, pp. 324-330, doi : 10.1016 / j.ijmm.2013.02.007 .
  3. ↑ Gauri S. Joshi, Jeffrey S. Spontak et al. a .: Arginine catabolic mobile element encoded speG abrogates the unique hypersensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to exogenous polyamines. In: Molecular Microbiology. 82, 2011, pp. 9-20, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2958.2011.07809.x .
  4. ↑ F. Barbier, D. Lebeaux u. a .: High prevalence of the arginine catabolic mobile element in carriage isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. In: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 66, 2010, pp. 29-36, doi : 10.1093 / jac / dkq410 .
  5. ^ Maria Miragaia, Herminia de Lencastre u. a .: Genetic Diversity of Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element in Staphylococcus epidermidis. In: PLoS ONE. 4, 2009, p. E7722, doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0007722 .
  6. ^ RV Goering, LK McDougal u. a .: Epidemiologic Distribution of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element among Selected Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates. In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 45, 2007, pp. 1981-1984, doi : 10.1128 / JCM.00273-07 .
  7. ↑ GS Joshi, JS Spontak, DG Klapper, AR Richardson: Arginine catabolic mobile element encoded speG abrogates the unique hypersensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to exogenous polyamines. In: Molecular microbiology. Volume 82, Number 1, October 2011, pp. 9-20, ISSN  1365-2958 . doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2958.2011.07809.x . PMID 21902734 . PMC 3183340 (free full text).
  8. ↑ PJ Planet, SJ LaRussa et al. a .: Emergence of the Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain USA300 Coincides with Horizontal Transfer of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element and speG-mediated Adaptations for Survival on Skin. In: mBio. 4, 2013, pp. E00889-13 – e00889-13, doi : 10.1128 / mBio.00889-13 .
  9. ↑ Binh An Diep, Gregory G. Stone et al. a .: The Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element and Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette Linkage: Convergence of Virulence and Resistance in the USA300 Clone of Methicillin-Resistant. In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 197, 2008, pp. 1523-1530, doi : 10.1086 / 587907 .
  10. ↑ Miling Yan, Sünje J. Pamp u. a .: Nasal Microenvironments and Interspecific Interactions Influence Nasal Microbiota Complexity and S. aureus Carriage. In: Cell Host & Microbe. 14, 2013, pp. 631-640, doi : 10.1016 / j.chom.2013.11.005 .
  11. ↑ H. Hao, M. Dai, Y. Wang, L. Huang, Z. Yuan: Key genetic elements and regulation systems in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In: Future microbiology. Volume 7, Number 11, November 2012, pp. 1315-1329, ISSN  1746-0921 . doi : 10.2217 / fmb.12.107 . PMID 23075449 .
  12. ↑ Tenover FC, Goering RV: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300: origin and epidemiology. In: The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. Volume 64, Number 3, September 2009, pp. 441-446, ISSN  1460-2091 . doi : 10.1093 / jac / dkp241 . PMID 19608582 . PDF .