Staphylococcus epidermidis

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Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Systematics
Department : Firmicutes Class : Bacilli Order : Bacillales Family : Staphylococcaceae Genre : Staphylococcus Type : Staphylococcus epidermidis
Scientific name
Staphylococcus epidermidis
( Winslow & Winslow 1908) Evans 1916

Staphylococcus epidermidis (syn. Staphylococcus albus , Micrococcus epidermidis ) is a facultatively pathogenic, gram-positive , plasma coagulase-negative , saprophagous bacterium from the genus of the staphylococcus ( Staphylococcus ).

Occurrence

Staphylococcus epidermidis colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of humans. The bacterium is also found on foods and on the skin and mucous membranes of some mammals. Its ability to colonize the surfaces of medical devices such as catheters with a biofilm should be emphasized .

hazards

For people with normal immunological defenses and without the use of foreign materials (e.g. catheters, artificial heart valves or joints), the bacterium poses no danger. If operations and other invasive medical procedures are not aseptic, they can enter the human organism; however, if the immune system is intact, the bacterium is usually eliminated by the immune system. In immunocompromised individuals (e.g. premature babies) and / or the presence of implanted or introduced foreign bodies, inflammation can occur. In the hospital, they lead to nosocomial infections such as: B. endocarditis after open heart surgery and infections after the onset of foreign bodies, e.g. B. of prostheses and catheters. The latter lead to foreign body-associated infections (so-called plasticitis ), typically z. B. with longer-lying catheters or drains . In these infections (caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci) the proportion of S. epidermidis is 70 to 80 percent and is therefore the most common cause of foreign body-associated infections.

therapy

Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from hospital patients often have a wide range of antibiotic resistance . In particular, they are resistant to penicillin and methicillin ( MRSE , see multi- resistance ). The proportion of methicillin-resistant strains is currently around 80 percent. Therefore, an antibiogram is particularly important for therapy. Removal of the colonized foreign body is often sufficient for therapy. If this is not possible, antibiotic suppression therapy is recommended depending on the antibiogram, e.g. B. with vancomycin recommended.

literature

• Karsten Becker, Christine Heilmann, Georg Peters: Coagulase-negative staphylococci . Clin Microbiol Rev . 2014 Oct; 27 (4), pp. 870-926
• Karsten Becker, Robert L. Skov, Christof von Eiff: Staphylococcus, Micrococcus and Other Catalase-Positive Cocci. In: JH Jorgensen, MA Pfaller: Manual of Clinical Microbiology , ASM press, Washington, DC, 2015, 11th edition
• A. Piette, G. Verschraegen: Role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in human disease. Vet Microbiol, 2009; 134 (1-2), pp. 45-54

swell

1. ↑ Michael Otto: Staphylococcus epidermidis - the 'accidental' pathogen . In: Nature Reviews Microbiology . tape 7 , no. 8 , 2009, ISSN  1740-1534 , p. 555-567 , doi : 10.1038 / nrmicro2182 (English).
2. ↑ http://www.infektio.de/mikrobiologie-therapie/wichtige-erreger-in-klinik-und-praxis/staphylococcus-epidermidis-2/
3. ↑ http://www.peg.org/econtext/resistenzdaten
4. ↑ http://www.chemotherapie-journal.de/archiv/artikel/2010/03/301.html

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