Audism

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As Audism (of English. Audism ) is defined as a state of mind that against deaf and hard of hearing is directed individuals, resulting in various forms of systematic discrimination can derive the same.

description

The mindset of 'audism' includes the high appreciation of hearing and speaking and also evaluates deaf or deaf or severely hearing impaired people as unfortunate people with hearing and speaking defects, which should be remedied medically and electronically with a hearing aid or cochlear implant . This also devalues ​​the sign languages created by deaf people , the associated deaf culture and their way of life.

Deaf people are generally stigmatized by their deafness; they feel discriminated against and oppressed. Hearing people do not pay the necessary attention to the needs of those affected and allow deaf and hard of hearing people to be disadvantaged.

From the point of view of those affected, it is, for example, the lack of use of sign language in general society that makes deaf people disabled, not their hearing impairment. Society, on the other hand, regards hearing impairment as the problem to be corrected. According to her, it is said that they suffer from deafness; society does not need to change its behavior and approach towards them. Rather, deaf and severely hearing impaired people should learn to adapt to the conventions and norms of hearing people. This has been happening since the beginning of surdo education . For example, the deaf person is forced to learn only spoken language, which requires a lot of teaching time for the clear articulation of spoken language to the detriment of general education. Sign language is suppressed. In the story, this goes hand in hand with the term “(pure) oralism ”. As a result, many deaf people become semi-educated and functionally illiterate in the language of the majority and therefore their lives are determined by others in many areas.

Audism can degenerate into an unpleasant way, such as the above-mentioned oralism, eugenics , discrimination in speech and action at work and in general life, disregard of the institutions (state, press, television, politics, medicine, technology, language among others). It can also show up in some deaf and hard of hearing people when they internalize the mentality of their hearing environment.

Considerations of how audism can be reduced in society are raised in the discussion about audism. This can be understood as " anti-audism ".

Concept history

The term was introduced in 1975 in the unpublished, English-language PhD thesis by Tom Humphries Audism: The Creation of a Word and defined as " thinking better" behavior towards deaf people by people who can hear and speak better than them. Only since 1992 has the term been taken up and examined by other authors. It is also extensively discussed in forums and blogs in many countries and shown in some films.

The first author after Tom Humphries, Harlan L. Lane, extends the term to discrimination against the deaf and hard of hearing and the degradation of the deaf culture by the hearing. According to him, deaf people are not people with defects, but form a peculiar ethnic group. They have a sui generis culture , their own rites and cultural practices and would marry one another. Lane rejects cochlear implantation for this reason.

See also

literature

  • Richard Clark Eckert: Deafnicity. A Study of Strategic and Adaptive Responses to Audism by Members of the Deaf American Community of Culture. Dissertation University of Michigan 2005 (English).
  • Helmut Vogel: New ways in the deaf culture. Deafhood - Audism - Deaf Studies. In: The sign. Journal of the Language and Culture of the Deaf. Ed .: Institute for German Sign Language, Society for Sign Language e. V .; Volume 21, Issue 77, 2007, ISSN  0932-4747 , pp. 492-496.
  • Asha Rajashekhar: The deaf community in the times of post-colonialism (and of "Hearing Privileges"?). The hearing dominance group and the deaf minority group in the focus of the discussions on 'audism' and 'linguicism'. In: The sign. Journal of the Language and Culture of the Deaf. Ed .: Institute for German Sign Language, Society for Sign Language e. V .; Volume 25, Issue 88, 2011, ISSN  0932-4747 , pp. 290-299.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Harlan L. Lane: The Mask of Benevolence: Disabling the Deaf Community . New edition 2000. Dawn Sign Press (German: The Mask of Mercy. Suppression of the language and culture of the deaf community . Hamburg: Signum 1994)
  2. ↑ H. Dirksen L. Bauman: Audism. Exploring the Metaphysics of Oppression . In: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education . Vol. 9, No. 2, 2004, pp. 239-246, PMID 15304445
  3. ^ Paddy Ladd: Understanding Deaf Culture, in Search of Deafhood . Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd., 2003