On ice
On- ice is the term used to refer to layers of layered ice that result from the freezing of successive water leaks .
The water flows over existing layers of ice. The water that escapes to the surface during severe frost freezes. In this way, successive, thin layers of ice are created, which can accumulate to form layers of ice several meters thick. The water comes from a wide variety of sources, which are basically in the earth's permafrost zone . Very often the water emerges from lakes and rivers through fissures in the ice. Therefore, up-ice often occurs alongside and over rivers. In addition, local heat anomalies in the area of permafrost can result in areas of continuously unfrozen subsoil from which the water seeps. Many bodies of ice contain snow. Aufeis forms anew every year in the same places. It usually melts in the short arctic summer.
In high alpine, freezing watercourses, blocked groundwater can also lead to ice formation. The discharge of the groundwater is blocked by ice, which in turn disturbs the steady state. This leads to a small, incremental rise in the local groundwater level until it can escape on the bank of the watercourse, flows over the ice that has already formed and solidifies there at minus degrees.
These phenomenological descriptions and explanations, which are still valid today, come from a work by Ernest de Koven Leffingwell (1875–1971).
Aufeis - Detailed view of the body of the ice cream with its filigree layers of ice deposits
Extensive surface of ice in a wide valley, Canadian Arctic
Aufeisfeld in Tombstone Park - Scenic setting example, Yukon, Canada
Origin of name
The name Aufeis goes back to the German-Baltic zoologist Alexander Theodor von Middendorff . It has now also established itself in other languages. In Alaska and Canada one speaks of Aufeis. The term “icing” is also used there as an alternative. In Siberia , where the phenomenon was first observed and interpreted by Middendorff, today we speak of "naled" (наледь).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Ernest de K. Leffingwell: The Canning River Region Northern Alaska (= US Geological Survey professional paper. 109, ISSN 0096-0446 ). US Government Publishing Office, Washington DC 1919, ( digitized version (PDF; 35.3 MB) ).
- ↑ Alexander Th. Von Middendorff : Journey to the extreme north and east of Siberia. Volume 4: Overview of the nature of North and East Siberia. Part 1: Introduction, geography, hydrography, orography, geognosy, climate and plants. Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 1867, pp. 439–457 .
- ↑ International Glossary of Hydrology ( Memento of the original dated December 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 27, 2013
