Aurophilia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The term auriophile (or aurophilia for short ) is a phenomenon coined and described by Hubert Schmidbaur , which is based on the observation that gold atoms with a formal oxidation state of + I in solid structures often have short distances. The distance is shorter than twice the van der Waals radius of gold, which is 2 × 166 pm = 332 pm; however, the observed range is approximately between 275 and 325 pm. For this reason, the phenomenon is called aurophilia. This is remarkable because the Au (I) atoms would have to repel each other in a first approximation due to the formal charge. In contrast, gold (I) apparently also has attractive force components. The theoretical background of aurophilia was first clarified by Pyykkö . It turned out that relativistic effects play a major role. The standard explanation nowadays is that it is a van der Waals interaction , which is so intensified by the lanthanide contraction and relativistic effects that there are shorter atomic distances in the solid structures. Theoretically, this should also apply to free molecules, but the phenomenon has not yet been proven experimentally for these (for example in the case of gases).

The term aurophilicity was later expanded to include metallophilicity , as it was found that other metals are also capable of such interactions.

literature

  • Christoph Elschenbroich: Organometallic chemistry . Vieweg + Teubner Verlag, 2008

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hubert Schmidbaur, Wilhelm Graf, Gerhard Müller: Weak Intramolecular Bonding Relationships: The Conformation-Determining Attractive Interaction between Gold (I) Centers . In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English . tape 27 , no. 3 , 1988, pp. 417-419 , doi : 10.1002 / anie.198804171 .
  2. ^ A b c Wiberg, Egon., Wiberg, Nils: Textbook of inorganic chemistry . 102nd, heavily reworked and verb. Ed. De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1 .
  3. ↑ Pekka Pyykkö, Yongfang Zhao: Ab initio calculations on the dimer (ClAuPH3) 2 with relativistic pseudopotential: Is the “aurophilic attraction” a correlation effect? In: Angewandte Chemie . tape 103 , no. 5 , 1991, pp. 622-623 , doi : 10.1002 / anie.19911030542 .