Spa architecture in Kühlungsborn
The spa architecture of Kühlungsborn goes back to the late 19th century, when the place still consisted of three villages - Arendsee, Brunshaupten and Fulgen. The bathing business, beginning in the lodging house in Fulgen, took off in all three locations around the turn of the century, and led to extensive construction activity. Many buildings - mainly hotels and guesthouses, but also bathing and spa facilities - were built with classicist and art nouveau elements and heralded a new and conscious use of the Baltic Sea as a recreation area.
After the Second World War, construction activity in Kühlungsborn remained minimal, in contrast to the Baltic seaside resorts in Schleswig-Holstein. There was a lack of money and resources, politics was geared towards common property, private initiatives were prevented and even persecuted ( Aktion Rose ). Many buildings suffered from this investment gap, were partially dismantled or - if the building fabric was too dilapidated - even completely demolished.
With the turning point of 1989 and the reunification of Germany, private initiative was asked again. The Treuhand AG - meanwhile predominantly in possession of the economically interesting properties - sold properties in Kühlungsborn to hoteliers and hotel groups willing to invest. In addition, there was a municipal administration that created a design statute for the site that was supposed to prevent old buildings from being torn away to make way for bulky new buildings. This created space for the revival of the old spa architecture - not always entirely successful, but often imitating with modern means that which already made the flair of the Baltic resort around 1900. Kühlungsborn has remained a high-rise-free community, because no house can be built higher than the tallest trees. Also the church tower of the new cath. Church had to adhere to this requirement.
Divided into the three former districts - Arendsee, Brunshaupten and Fulgen - existing buildings and rebuilt hotels, pensions or residential buildings and their history are presented.
Kühlungsborn-West (formerly Arendsee)
Hotel Esplanade
The Hotel Esplanade was built as Villa Strandburg around 1900. The building has a basement and two storeys as well as an extended roof (attic). The facade on the street side is framed by two gables.
Around 1925 the house became the property of Hans Schröder, who renamed the house "Esplanade" and ran it together with the Wenden house as a hotel. After the Second World War, the house was used as a rest home for the Neptun shipyard in Rostock. After that, the house was used by the FDGB . In 1960 it was heavily rebuilt and stripped of all details. It was also renamed "Störtebeker". In 1995 Rolf Radowitz reopened the hotel as Hotel Esplanade after having acquired it the year before.
Villa Rheingold
The Villa Rheingold is located near the beach and has a playful architecture. The staircase, veranda and turret form the central axis of the front section of the house, which is also decorated with large, romantic paintings - matching the name of the house. In the 20s the house belonged to W. Rampelmann as a small full pension . For many years it formed a joint hotel together with the Schloss am Meer. In 2009 it was sold by the new owners of the castle by the sea and is now being converted into apartment holiday homes.
Hotel Rosenhof
The Hotel Rosenhof was called "Haus Siegfried" in the twenties and advertised in the house brochure with a kosher lunch menu, traditional food, electric light and a prime location at the Kurhaus.
Hotel Esplanade 2008
Villa Rheingold, photo from 2006
Hotel Rosenhof, photo from 2006
Kühlungsborn-Ost (formerly Brunshaupten)
Villa Löwenstein
The villa at Ostseeallee 27 was built in 1912/13 as the "Villa Martin", presumably based on a design by the local architect Friedrich Ferdinand Schulz.
In 1932, under the name "Villa Martens", the house became the dependance of the "Kaiserhof" hotel, which is now the "Arendsee" hotel (built in 1989/90).
Expropriated in 1953, the house, together with the former "Kaiserhof" ("Dr. Robert Koch Hotel"), belonged to the GDR travel agency ("Haus Lessing"). After a long period of vacancy and clarification of ownership, the first renovation and reopening could take place in 1996. The house was now called "Villa Lessing".
From 2012 the property was extensively renovated and renamed "Villa Löwenstein".
Seeschloss
The Hotel Seeschloss cannot be compared today with the building mentioned in the prospectus in 1906. After the end of World War II, bay windows and porches were removed. It served the Chamber of Crafts of the Rostock district as the "House of Crafts". In 1996 the house was completely redesigned and got its old name again.
Hubertusburg
The Hubertusburg was mentioned in the Brunshaupten travel guide in 1914 and has only undergone minor structural changes.
LAETITIA "House of the Guest"
The Berlin painter Amalie Kobsin had the listed building built in 1906 as a painting school and boarding school for girls. It has now been extensively renovated. Touristik-Service Kühlungsborn GmbH has been working in this building on behalf of the city of Kühlungsborn since August 1st, 2001 and takes on activities such as tourist information and local marketing.
Hotel four seasons
A "Villa Meeresburg" is mentioned for the first time in the 1907 bathing brochure. The builder and first owner was Heinrich Grammdorf, who praised it as a "first class lodging house and guesthouse with 26 elegantly furnished rooms, recognized excellent catering and service". And today's house ties in with this tradition.
The owners changed frequently later. Since 1926 the rooms were also heated and the house was in operation all year round. In 1947 it was one of the first of the houses taken over by the newly founded "Holiday Service of the Unions" and was now called "Pestalozzi". After reunification, Manfred Köhnlechner set up a naturopathic center here and named it "Villa Natura Sanat". In 2000 it was taken over by the Vier Jahreszeiten hotel group and expanded.
Hotel beach view
Today's Hotel Strandblick was called "Haus Hindenburg" in the 1920s and, according to the travel guide from 1927, was a first-class guesthouse with good food and, very important at the time, with a car garage. In the proof of accommodation from 1938, you had to pay between 2.50 and 3.00 Reichsmarks for a room without breakfast, breakfast was available for 1.50 Reichsmarks extra or full board between 6.00 and 8.00 Reichsmarks. With 50 beds at that time, there were already 27 rooms with running water and central heating.
Hotel Westfalia
Today's Hotel Westfalia was built as an annex to the former Hotel Rusch. A travel guide from 1929 advertises a preferred location right on the water, surrounded by forest and rooms with hot and cold running water. It was also worth mentioning that there was no constant music in the house. The Hotel Westfalia, with its rooms facing the Baltic Sea , with balconies and loggias, has remained virtually unchanged from the outside and is an important testimony to the spa architecture. It is now on the list of monuments .
Seeschloss, photo from 2006
Hotel Hubertusburg, photo from 2006
Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten, photo from 2006
Hotel beach view, photo from 2006
Hotel Westfalia, photo from 2010
Kühlungsborn-Ost (formerly Fulgen)
The Fulgenhof
The origin of the bathing and recreational stay in Kühlungsborn was the Fulgenhof with its lodging house. In the 1920s, the tenant Parsche advertised the quiet location directly on the beach, with a large and sheltered garden and its own railway station from Bad Doberan to Brunshaupten.
Individual evidence
- ^ Rudolf Bartelmann: Ostseebad Kühlungsborn old views. Part 2: Brunshaupten. 1995.
- ↑ Brunshaupten Official Guide. published by the community in 1914, p. 6.
- ^ Website Ostseebad Kühlungsborn
- ^ Continental manual for drivers. Edition: Germany 1929.
Literature and Sources
- Proof of housing from 1938: Ostseebad Brunshaupten-Arendsee. Printing: Rudolf Sengebusch printing house
- Municipality and bathing administration Arendsee: Arendsee in Mecklenburg. Baltic seaside resort and climatic health resort. Guide for 1925. Arendsee 1925.
- Municipality and bathing administration Brunshaupten: Brunshaupten. Baltic seaside resort and forest health resort in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Official leader. Brunshaupten 1927.
- State Foreign Traffic Association Mecklenburg: Ostseebad Brunshaupten in Mecklenburg. circa 1937.
- Kurverwaltung Ostseebad Kühlungsborn: Events in the Ostseebad Kühlungsborn. Kühlungsborn 1956.
- City Council of Kühlungsborn: Ostseebad Kühlungsborn. around 1970s.
- Alexander Schacht: The architecture of the German Baltic seaside resorts in the late 19th and early 20th centuries using the example of Brunshaupten and Arendsee in Mecklenburg (Ostseebad Kühlungsborn). In: G. Ulrich Großmann et al. (Ed.): Historical house construction between the Elbe and the Oder. Jahrbuch für Hausforschung Vol. 49 (2002), pp. 85–94
- Jürgen Jahncke: Kühlungsborn. A journey through the life of the seaside resort. Redieck & Schade publishing house, Rostock 2006.