Bavarian formula

The Bavarian formula is a formula for converting school grades .

The formula is:

${\displaystyle N=1+3\cdot {\frac {P_{\mathrm {max} }-P}{P_{\mathrm {max} }-P_{\mathrm {min} }}}}$

With

${\displaystyle N}$ = desired grade (average grade)

${\displaystyle P}$ = total number of points / grade shown in the certificate

${\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {max} }}$ = upper benchmark (best possible number of points / grade)

${\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {min} }}$ = lower benchmark

${\displaystyle N=1{,}0}$for . ${\displaystyle P>P_{\mathrm {max} }}$

The area of ​​validity is limited to sufficient grades.

use

The formula is used in Germany for university entrance certificates ( Matura , General Certificate of Education etc.) and by many universities for international recognition of achievement.

criticism

Since basically every school grade has to face the reproach of subjectivity, this applies in particular to a conversion.

The lower benchmark is mostly undisputed, while the upper one is often controversial. If a school system does not exhaust the area (maximum grade is not awarded, e.g. 20 out of 20 points in France), a one cannot be achieved. At the same time there are school systems that award grades or points that are above the official upper benchmark (in Germany a 1+).

The restricted area of ​​validity becomes a problem if there are individual unsatisfactory grades and no average is shown on the certificate. The problem can be solved by calculating the average using the original grading system. This also leads to statistical distortions, but only to those that the applicant would have to endure in his own country.

literature

• Eckhard List: Critical study on the modified Bavarian formula ( online ; PDF; 196 kB) leibnizakademie.de, May 15, 2006

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from June 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ http://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/pdf/ZAB/Hochschulzugang_Beschluesse_der_KMK/GesNot04.pdf