Sieges and Conquests of Constantinople

The city of Constantinople had been the capital of the Byzantine Empire since the division of the empire from 395 to 1453 and during this time it experienced several sieges and a total of three conquests.

Sieges of the predecessor city Byzantion and the successor city Istanbul are not listed here.

Sieges in the 7th and 8th centuries

• 626: Siege of Constantinople by the Avars and the Sassanid Empire
• 669: Siege of Constantinople by the Umayyad Caliphate
• 674–678: Siege of Constantinople, the Umayyad Caliphate
• 715: Siege of Constantinople by rebel troops of the Thema Opsikion
• 717–718: Siege of Constantinople, the Umayyad Caliphate

Sieges from the 9th to the 11th centuries

• 813: Siege of Constantinople by the First Bulgarian Empire
• 821–822: Siege of Constantinople by the troops of the opposing emperor Thomas
• 860: Siege of Constantinople by Varangians / Rus
• 907: Siege of Constantinople by the Kievan Rus
• 934: Siege of Constantinople by the Magyars (Hungary)
• 941: Siege of Constantinople by the Kievan Rus
• 959: Siege of Constantinople by the Magyars (Hungary)
• 1047: Siege of Constantinople by the troops of the Byzantine counter-emperor Leon Tornikes

Siege in the 13th century

• 1203: Siege of Constantinople , first and unsuccessful siege by the Crusader Army in the Fourth Crusade
• 1204: Conquest of Constantinople , second and successful siege by the Crusader Army in the Fourth Crusade ( first conquest of Constantinople )
• 1235–1236: Siege of Constantinople by the Nicaea Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire
• 1260: Siege of Constantinople by the Nikaia Empire
• 1261: Recapture of Constantinople in a coup without a siege by the Nicaea Empire ( second conquest of Constantinople )

Sieges in the 14th and 15th centuries

• 1376: Siege of Constantinople by the troops of the aspirant (and later emperor) Andronikos IV. , The Republic of Genoa and the Ottoman Empire
• 1391: first siege of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Bayezid I.
• 1394–1396: Second siege of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Bayezid I.
• 1397–1402: third siege of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Bayezid I.
• 1411: Siege of Constantinople by the army of the Ottoman guard Musa Çelebi during the Ottoman interregnum
• 1422: Siege of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II.
• 1453: Siege and last conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Mehmed II ( third conquest of Constantinople )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Konrad Clewing, Holm Sundhaussen : Lexicon for the history of Southeast Europe . Böhlau Verlag Vienna, 2016, ISBN 320578667X . P. 771 .