Bullet test
In the proof test of firearms is to check whether the most stressed parts of the firearm of the withstand stress, which they in the use of approved ammunition are exposed (durability). The bullet test is a process and part of the bullet system .
execution
For this purpose, ammunition is usually fired with a propellant charge increased by 30% . The complaint rates are, depending on the type of weapon, 0.8% to 8%.
In principle, bullet tests are carried out on each individual weapon, but type approvals are also possible. If the proof test is successful, the responsible proof office assigns a proof mark (also proof mark ).
Legal norms and national regulations
All firearms are subject to mandatory fire . Bullet tests are monitored in twelve European countries, the United Arab Emirates and Chile by the Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives CIP. The respective proof marks of the CIP countries are mutually recognized by all members.
- German proof offices
- Shelling office Ferlach
- Shooting office Vienna
- Shooting Office Santiago (Chile)
- Shelling Office Abu Dhabi
Germany
The tests are regulated in the law on the testing and approval of firearms, firearms, devices that use ammunition for propulsion, as well as ammunition and other weapons (BeschG) and in particular by the General Ordinance on the Shooting Act (Shooting Ordinance - ShootingV) . The more than 300,000 tests annually are carried out in the German fire protection offices or their branch offices.
There are the
- normal fire test (marking of the barrel with "N" for nitrocellulose )
- Reinforced fire test for the use of Magnum ammunition in shotguns (barrel marked with "V" for reinforced fire)
- Steel shot test for shotguns (the barrel is marked with a lily)
- Gunpowder bullet test for muzzle loaders and the like similar weapons
- Repair fire test (e.g. after repair, replacement of parts)
- Voluntary fire test (e.g. to test an old weapon for damage)
Further tests are those of the
- Marking according to §24 Weapons Act
- Functional reliability
- Dimensional accuracy
Austria
In Austria, the bullet tests are carried out by the two Austrian bulletproof offices in Vienna and Ferlach. The basics for the bullet test are:
- the federal law on the compulsory testing of small arms and cartridges ( Beschussgesetz 1951, BGBl. 151/1951 as amended )
as well as the associated implementing regulations :
- Shooting Ordinance 1999, Federal Law Gazette No. 386/1999
- Certification Mark Ordinance 1999, Federal Law Gazette No. 387/1999
- Cartridge testing regulations 1999, Federal Law Gazette No. 388/1999
In addition, the Weapons Act and War Material Act are also relevant.
literature
- William Greener: Gunnery in 1858 , Chapter VI, The Proof of Gun Barrels , Smith, Elder and Co., London, 1858, P. 243 ff. ( Online at archive.org )
- Edoardo Mori: Guida alla identificazione dei marchi ufficiali sulle armi da fuoco (identification of proof marks and other markings on firearms), edition 2, earmi.it, 2015, (multilingual, 101 pages, 550 images), online PDF 3.5 MB .
- Tom Warlow: Firearms, the Law, and Forensic Ballistics 3rd Edition, CRC Press, 2016, ISBN 978-1-4398-1828-2 . (available online: Proof Marks and the Proof of Firearms )
- Robert E. Walker: Cartridges and Firearm Identification , CRC Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4665-8881-3 ( online book preview )
- John Walker: '' The Nepalese gun marks '' (historical gun marks from Nepal) archive.org
Web links
- NRA Museum PROOF MARKS (a selection of international, historical proof marks )
- Germany: CIP proof marks (archive.org) + proof marks with Eckernförde
- Belgium: proof marks (archive.org)
- England: proof marks (archive.org)
- Italy: proof marks / gunpowder fire (archive.org)
- Japan: Proof marks for Ariksaka rifles 1870 to 1945 (archive.org)
- International collection: East Bloc, China, North Korea, Iraq, Egypt etc. (archive.org)
Individual evidence
- ^ BeschG on laws on the Internet
- ↑ General Ordinance on the Shooting Act ( Shooting Ordinance - BeschussV) on laws on the Internet