Movement September 30th

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The General Staff at the time of the coup. The killed generals are shown in gray.
Suharto , Supreme Commander of Kostrad and leader of the right-wing counter-coup at the funeral of five of the officers killed
Anti-PKI

The September 30th movement , in Indonesian Gerakan September Tiga Puluh ( G30S for short , today's common names, formerly G30S / PKI or GESTAPU , both propagandistic abbreviations), is the name of an alleged coup attempt that occurred on September 30, 1965 in Indonesia and at where six leading generals of the Indonesian military were kidnapped and murdered. The background to the incident was never officially investigated. Although members of President Sukarno's army were involved, communists were blamed for the incident. Today, sources point to a direct or indirect authorship of the western secret services CIA and BND the coup attempt.

This was followed by a military massacre of (estimated) more than half a million members and supporters of the Communist Party of Indonesia ( PKI ) and countless detentions without a legal basis. The PKI thus lost its political power, and communism was strictly forbidden both as a political movement and as an ideology .

The official version includes the story that members of the communist women's organization Gerwani performed erotic dances and mutilated the genitals of the murdered generals.

During the reign of Suharto , the so-called New Order ( Orde Baru ) , any criticism of the official version of history (the sole perpetrator of the communists) in Indonesia was associated with great risks. Critical handling has become possible since Suharto's fall. In more recent Indonesian publications, especially in non-fiction and scientific papers, the term “G30S / PKI” is often no longer used, but is often simply replaced by “G30S”. A general enlightenment beyond a relatively small circle of intellectuals and political activists has not yet taken place. There are also still anti-communist movements trying to uphold the historical lie. In 2007 a number of newer history textbooks were withdrawn from circulation because they did not use the term “G30S / PKI”.

literature

  • Marshall Green: Indonesia. Crisis and Transformation. 1965-1968 . Compass press, Washington DC 1990, ISBN 0-929590-01-5 , pp. 51-63.
  • Michael van Langenberg: Gestapu and State Power in Indonesia . In: Robert Cribb (Ed.): The Indonesian Killings 1965–1966. Studies from Java and Bali . Center of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, Clayton Vic. 1990, ISBN 0-7326-0231-9 , ( Monash papers on Southeast Asia 21), pp. 45-61.
  • Willem A. Veenhoven (Ed.): Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. A world survey . Volume 3. Nijhoff, The Hague 1975, ISBN 90-247-1955-0 , pp. 221-223.
  • JL Holzgrefe, Robert O. Keohane (Ed.): Humanitarian intervention. Ethical, legal and political dilemmas . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003, ISBN 0-521-52928-X , p. 47.
  • Mark Levene, Penny Roberts (Eds.): The Massacre in History . Berghahn Books, New York a. a. 1999, ISBN 1-57181-935-5 , ( War and genocide 1), pp. 247-251.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nugroho Notosusanto & Ismail Saleh (1968) Appendix B, p248
  2. ↑ https://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/ausland/krisen/id_86930860/tid_amp/genozid-in-indonesien-operation-foehrenwald-und-deutschlands-heimliche-hilfe.html
  3. ^ The Jakarta Post: Children of the PKI claim their own independence , August 19, 2008, accessed April 2, 2010