Kostrad
KOSTRAD ( Indonesian abbreviation for: Komando Cadangan Strategis TNI-Angkatan Darat , German: Strategisches Heeres -reservekommando ) is the most influential military association of the Indonesian armed forces with around 26,000 troops. The troops are the most important unit alongside the Kopassus special unit.
Members of Kostrad are accused of torture, murder and other human rights violations in connection with the occupation in East Timor , the operations in Aceh , western New Guinea and the Moluccas .
history
The founding of the association as "Strategic Army Reserve Corps" on March 6, 1961 was the Indonesian reaction to the independence of the former Dutch colony of Western New Guinea . In 1963 the name was changed to Kostrad.
Major General Suharto was the first to be entrusted with the position of "Pangkostrad" - the commander in chief. From this position he organized the counter-coup to the allegedly from the PKI initiated G30S / PKI prolapse, in which the palace guard of the president and founding father Sukarno killed seven right-wing officers, and could be one of the initiators of the massacre in Indonesia from 1965 to 1,966 in as a new, dictatorial ruling president.
In 1968 Kostrad was successfully used in the Operasi Trisula (Operation Trident) to crush remaining communist remnants in Blitar in the east of Java . On Kalimantan, Kostrad fought communist guerrilla units of the PGRS and the PARAKU and at the beginning of December 1975 units of the force were involved in the occupation of East Timor ( Operasi Seroja ).
In 1984 the commanding officer of Kostrad received an order from the army command to carry out combat missions. In the east of the island of Timor , Kostrad units fought against rebels from the FRETILIN independence movement .
Kostrad Commander in Chief Lieutenant General Prabowo , a son-in-law of the President and previously also head of the Kopassus special unit , played a key role in fighting the unrest in 1998, which ultimately led to the overthrow of long-time ruler Suharto.
The operational order for Operasi Sadar Rencong III in the province of Aceh was received in February 2000 in order to smash the independence movement GAM together with Brimob (Brigade Mobil - Mobile Special Police Unit) . In October 2000, 16,000 of the 25,000 soldiers were stationed in crisis regions, including six battalions in the Moluccas , three battalions in Irian Jaya and other units in the province of East Nusa Tenggara .
In November 2005 it was announced that another division would be relocated to Irian Jaya to deal with the OPM .
The force was also deployed outside the country, between 1973 and 1978 in Egypt , between 1973 and 1975 in Vietnam, or as a peacekeeping force between Iraq and Iran after the First Gulf War in 1989/90.
Commanders ("Pangkostrad")
Kostrad is usually commanded by a Lieutenant General ( "Letnan Jenderal" , three-star general) under the designation "Pangkostrad" - the current commander is Erwin Sudjono .
| No. | Surname | Duration | comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suharto | May 1, 1963 to December 2, 1965 | put himself to power as "Pangkostrad"; see G30S / PKI | |
| 2 | Umar Wirahadikusumah | December 2, 1965 to May 27, 1967 | ||
| 3 | Achmad Kemal Idris | May 27, 1967 to March 11, 1969 | ||
| 4th | Wahono | March 11, 1969 to February 20, 1970 | ||
| 5 | Makmun Murod | February 20, 1970 to December 26, 1971 | ||
| 6th | Wahono | December 26, 1971 to March 18, 1973 | ||
| 7th | Poniman | March 18, 1973 to May 4, 1974 | ||
| 8th | Himawan Susanto | May 4, 1974 to January 4, 1975 | ||
| 9 | Leo Lopulisa | January 4, 1975 to January 19, 1978 | ||
| 10 | Wiyogo Atmodarminto | January 19, 1978 to March 1, 1980 | ||
| 11 | Ismail | March 1, 1980 to January 24, 1981 | ||
| 12 | Rudini | January 24, 1981 to May 24, 1983 | ||
| 13 | Soeweno | May 24, 1983 to January 30, 1986 | ||
| 14th | Soeripto | January 30, 1986 to August 21, 1987 | ||
| 15th | Adolf Sahala Rajagukguk | August 21, 1987 to March 28, 1988 | ||
| 16 | Soegito | March 28, 1988 to August 9, 1990 | ||
| 17th | Wismoyo Arismunandar | August 9, 1990 to July 29, 1992 | Brother-in-law of President Suharto | |
| 18th | Kuntoro | July 29, 1992 to September 22, 1994 | ||
| 19th | Tarub | September 22, 1994 to April 4, 1996 | between 1993 and 1994 also commander-in-chief of Kopassus | |
| 20th | Wiranto | April 4, 1996 to June 20, 1997 | later Minister of Defense | |
| 21st | Soegijono | June 20, 1997 to March 20, 1998 | ||
| 22nd | Prabowo Subianto | March 20, 1998 to May 22, 1998 | previously commander of Kopassus , instrumental in the riots 1998 / fall of Suharto involved | |
| Johny J Lumintang | May 22, 1998 to May 23, 1998 | only one day in office | ||
| 23 | Djamari Chaniago | May 23, 1998 to November 24, 1999 | ||
| 24 | Djaja Suparman | November 24, 1999 to March 29, 2000 | ||
| 25th | Agus Wirahadikusumah | March 29, 2000 to August 1, 2000 | ||
| 26th | Ryamizard Ryacudu | August 1, 2000 to July 3, 2002 | ||
| 27 | Bibit Waluyo | July 3, 2002 to November 3, 2004 | ||
| 28 | Hadi Waluyo | November 3, 2004 to May 2, 2006 | ||
| 29 | Erwin Sudjono | May 2, 2006 | September 2007 | |
| 30th | George Toisutta | September 2007 | in office |
structure
Kostrad has a staff led by a chief of staff ( "Kas Kostrad" ) and consists of two infantry divisions , which are divided into battalions . These battalions with a troop strength of around 650 men take on the actual operational tasks.
Division 1 is in Cilodong , near the city of Bogor stationed in West Java and consists of the infantry - Airborne - brigades (Brigif Linud) 17 / Kujang I in Cijantung, East Jakarta , the Brigif Linud 3 in Makassar on the island of Sulawesi , during The 1990s was stationed mainly in East Timor, and Brigif 13 in Tasikmalaya , West Java .
Division 2 is divided into the three infantry brigades 6, 9 and 18 / Trisula stationed in East Java , which are commanded by a Panglima (Pangdivif or Pangdiv) and each have a division staff with a chief of staff (Kasdivif).
See also
Web links
- Side of Kostrad (indo.) - difficult to reach
- Who are the Kostrad Boys?
- Here come the Kostrad Boys - again! (English)
- KOSTRAD at Globalsecurity.org (English)
- Tempo: Indonesian Army to Establish One Kostrad Division in Papua December 2005