Bibo (fuel)

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Mixtures (Vignette Gasolin -tourentips, Bruno Bergner , 1958)

Gasoline-benzene mixtures ( Bibo for short : mixture of B enz i n- B enz o l) were a gasoline for motor vehicles from the 1920s .

Origin and use

Gasoline-benzene mixture
other names

Bibo (from B enz i n- B enz o l mixture), benzene mixture, mixture

Trade names

Olexin , B. V.-Aral , Motorin , Rekordal , nital , Reichsautobahn mixture , dynamin , Duolin (from September 1928: Esso), Albizol

Brief description Super gasoline of the 1920s and 1930s
origin

mainly fossil

Characteristic components

Mixture of gasoline (approx. 60%) and benzene (approx. 40%). In the case of Albizol, approx. 25% potato alcohol in the mixture . In Germany from 1930 2.5–10% ethanol compulsory admixture.

properties
Physical state liquid
density

about 0.8 kg / L

calorific value

9.3 kWh / L = 11.6 kWh / kg

Octane number
  • between 64 RON and 76 RON
  • 1938: 78-80 RON
  • from 1939: 78 RON (for cars)
  • from 1939: 80 RON (tanks, aviation fuel)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
no classification available
H and P phrases H: see above
P: see above
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Leuna fuel pump with petrol and mixture (from around 1930)

At the beginning of the 20th century, gasoline was of very different quality (from approx. 40 octane ) and therefore not very knock- proof, depending on its source and origin . Motor benzene, on the other hand, had a high knock resistance as petrol (99 RON, 91 MOZ), but it was comparatively expensive and the engines operated with it fouled very quickly. Therefore, benzene was only used as a petrol for special applications.

The gasoline-benzene mixture offered a way out of this difficulty in the early 1920s: cheap gasoline and benzene to increase the knock resistance. In 1923, OLEX launched the first Bibo mixture on the market in Germany, the Olexin .

Known was that in 1924 for the benzene Association developed (BV) mixture BV-Aral was named as benzene to the chemical group of Ar omaten and gasoline to the Al iphaten belongs. The mixing ratio was “6 parts gasoline and 4 parts benzene”. The BV used this route as a German benzene producer to set up another distribution channel in addition to selling to paint factories. Depending on the quality of the base gasoline (between 40 and 60 RON), BV-Aral had an octane number between 64 and 76 RON.

In order to get the gasoline for its Aral, the Benzol Association concluded mutual supply agreements with the other (western) mineral oil companies represented in Germany, which, however, limited Aral's sales to 10,000 tons per year. While Rhenania-Ossag offered its Bibo mixture Dynamin and the German-American Petroleum Society (DAPG) its Duolin (from September 1928 as red colored Esso ), in 1926 the sales quota of the Benzol Association was no longer large enough. The petrol-supplying mineral oil companies stopped deliveries and obtained their benzene from England and Belgium.

The only way out of this situation was a supply agreement with the Soviet Union for supplies from the oil fields near Baku, which were expropriated without compensation . This was done through the Deutsche Vertriebsgesellschaft für Russische Ölprodukte AG ( DEROP ). By the beginning of the 1930s, BV was able to increase its market share in petrol to around 25%.

In the meantime, other petrol station companies have sold Bibo mixtures: Gasolin das Motorin , Oelhag das Rekordal and NITAG das Nital .

The discrepancies with the other fuel distributors culminated in the mid-1930s after the introduction of compulsory alcohol addition in statements by the BV about its German fuel . To which the DAPG's answer on a leaflet was: “German fuels? ... Aral contains: 45% German benzene and German alcohol as well as 55% gasoline of foreign origin. Esso contains: 45% German benzene and German alcohol and 55% petrol of foreign origin. Which fuel is now national? ".

After the octane numbers of fuels had increased during the Second World War , mainly due to the development of aircraft engines , the Benzol Association planned in 1947/1948 to bring an even higher quality fuel with 80 RON than the competition to the market by increasing the benzene content. This further development path stopped not only because of the statements of other competitors, but also because of the emerging optimization of premium gasoline through additives. Today this high concentration of benzene in gasoline is banned due to its toxicity.

When comparing the calorific values , premium gasoline with 8.9 kWh / l is below the value of Bibo with 9.3 kWh / l, which in turn is lower than that of diesel fuel with 9.8 kWh / l.

See also

literature

  • Joachim Kleinmanns: Great, full! A brief cultural history of the gas station . Jonas-Verlag, Marburg 2002, ISBN 3-89445-297-8 .
  • Rainer Karlsch, Raymond G. Stokes: Factor Oil. The mineral oil industry in Germany 1859-1974 . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-50276-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
  2. ^ Rainer Karlsch, Raymond G. Stokes: Factor oil. The mineral oil industry in Germany 1859-1974 . P. 130.
  3. ↑ Joachim Kleinmanns: Super, full! A brief cultural history of the gas station . Jonas-Verlag, Marburg 2002, p. 24 f.
  4. ^ Rainer Karlsch, Raymond G. Stokes: Factor oil. The mineral oil industry in Germany 1859-1974 . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2003, p. 272.