Bifurcation needle
A bifurcation needle is a split-tipped needle designed to be used to administer smallpox vaccines .
properties
By using a bifurcation needle, the necessary vaccination dose of the smallpox vaccine could be reduced to a quarter. Damaging the skin with the bifurcation needle leads to an additional activation of the innate immune response , which increases immunity. Compared to other intradermal forms of administration, the delivery of vaccine into the skin is relatively variable and inefficient. The vaccine can be scratched or pierced into the skin with the bifurcation needle. To do this, the needle is dipped into the vaccine solution and circularly inserted fifteen times into the skin.
history
The bifurcation needle was developed from 1961 by Benjamin Rubin and Gus Chakros . The Bifurkationsnadel was 1966-1977 when WHO program to eradication of smallpox , led by Donald Henderson used, using more than 200 million doses worldwide.
Individual evidence
- ^ AD Rice, MM Adams, SF Lindsey, DM Swetnam, BR Manning, AJ Smith, AM Burrage, G. Wallace, AL MacNeill, RW Moyer: Protective properties of vaccinia virus-based vaccines: skin scarification promotes a nonspecific immune response that protects against orthopoxvirus disease. In: Journal of virology. Volume 88, number 14, July 2014, pp. 7753-7763, doi: 10.1128 / JVI.00185-14 , PMID 24760885 , PMC 4097768 (free full text).
- ↑ YC Kim, C. Jarrahian, D. Zehrung, S. Mitragotri, MR Prausnitz: Delivery systems for intradermal vaccination. In: Current topics in microbiology and immunology. Volume 351, 2012, pp. 77-112, doi : 10.1007 / 82_2011_123 , PMID 21472533 , PMC 3173582 (free full text).
- ↑ D. Baxby: Smallpox vaccination techniques; from knives and forks to needles and pins. In: Vaccine. Volume 20, Number 16, May 2002, pp. 2140-2149, PMID 11972983 .
- ↑ a b B. A. Rubin: A note on the development of the bifurcated needle for smallpox vaccination. In: WHO Chronicle . Volume 34, Number 5, May 1980, pp. 180-181, PMID 7376638 .
