Image communication

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Image communication is a means of communication , that is, the “exchange” or “transmission” of information.

According to Thomas Schierl, head of the Institute for Sports Journalism at the German Sport University Cologne , images can be received more quickly than other means of communication. It only takes a fraction of a second to capture the content and meaning of an image. The consequence of this is that pictures are taken almost automatically and without great “mental effort”. In contrast to, for example, spoken messages, images would be understood as a unit and could be analyzed and processed more easily. The brain processes images particularly efficiently.

The sociologist Hartmut Rosa supports Schierl's view by arguing that people's need for media-conveyed content is growing in an ever-faster society, which means that images with short captions are superior to long blocks of text. The advantage of images over text can also be explained psychologically by the fact that images have a high subjective truth content, i.e. they are often perceived as a kind of "image" of reality. This harbors high risks due to image manipulation and post-factual communication.

digitalization

Increasing digitization, which is leading to the delimitation between media producers and recipients, has led to a growing number of published digital images, as the hurdles for the publication of image material have been minimized. The number of users also shows that in the social media sector the popularity of image-based networks such as Instagram and Snapchat has exceeded that of text-based networks such as Facebook and Twitter. The digitization process therefore has a catalyzing effect on the efficiency of image communication.

Psychological research focus

In the area of ​​health care, images are used specifically to encourage healthy behavior among recipients. The interest of previous psychological research has focused primarily on the circumstances under which the use of visual material is effective. For example, Noar et al. (2016) prove in their meta-analysis that warning labels with deterrent photos on cigarette packs are more effective than purely text-based warning labels without photos.

Another psychological research area in image communication is the investigation of the consequences of unrealistic body ideals that are suggested in mass media such as TV programs, magazines, but also on Instagram and other image-based media. 'The above average frequency of portrayals of very thin people in the media creates an increased risk for recipients of developing a negative body image and eating disorders. Therefore, media literacy programs have been shown to be effective in preventing eating disorders.

The study of learning with visual material is also receiving great academic attention. Numerous research projects have been able to demonstrate a so-called picture superiority effect, i.e. an advantage of learning materials based on images and graphics compared to purely text-based learning materials with regard to the learning success achieved.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hartmut Rosa: Acceleration: The Change in Time Structures in Modernity . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt 2005, ISBN 3-518-73805-4 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Jan-Philipp Stein, Sana Sehic, Markus Appel: Powerful images and image manipulation . In: Markus Appel (ed.): The psychology of the post-factual: About fake news, "Lügenpresse", Clickbait & Co. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2020, ISBN 978-3-662-58695-2 , p. 177-187 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-662-58695-2_16 .
  3. ↑ Monica Anderson, Jingjing Jiang: Teens, Social Media & Technology 2018. Pew Research Center, March 31, 2018, accessed April 2, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Seth M. Noar, Marissa G. Hall, Diane B. Francis, Kurt M. Ribisl, Jessica K. Pepper: Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies . In: Tobacco Control . tape 25 , no. 3 , May 1, 2016, ISSN  0964-4563 , p. 341–354 , doi : 10.1136 / tobaccocontrol-2014-051978 , PMID 25948713 , PMC 4636492 (free full text) - ( bmj.com [accessed April 2, 2020]).
  5. ↑ Shelly Grabe, L. Monique Ward, Janet Shibley Hyde: The role of the media in body image concerns among women: A meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies. In: Psychological Bulletin . tape 134 , no. 3 , 2008, ISSN  1939-1455 , p. 460-476 , doi : 10.1037 / 0033-2909.134.3.460 .
  6. ^ Grace Holland, Marika Tiggemann: A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes . In: Body Image . tape 17 , June 1, 2016, ISSN  1740-1445 , p. 100–110 , doi : 10.1016 / j.bodyim.2016.02.008 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed April 2, 2020]).
  7. ^ Long Khanh-Dao Le, Jan J Barendregt, Phillipa Hay, Cathrine Mihalopoulos: Prevention of eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis . In: Clinical Psychology Review . tape 53 , April 1, 2017, ISSN  0272-7358 , p. 46–58 , doi : 10.1016 / j.cpr.2017.02.001 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed April 2, 2020]).
  8. ↑ Allan Paivio Kalman Csapo: Picture superiority in free recall: Imagery or dual coding? In: Cognitive Psychology . tape 5 , no. 2 , September 1, 1973, ISSN  0010-0285 , p. 176-206 , doi : 10.1016 / 0010-0285 (73) 90032-7 .
  9. ^ Roger N. Shepard: Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures . In: Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior . tape 6 , no. 1 , February 1, 1967, ISSN  0022-5371 , pp. 156-163 , doi : 10.1016 / S0022-5371 (67) 80067-7 .