Attachment theory in the GDR

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There was no research exclusively oriented towards attachment theory in the GDR . The still young attachment theory found attention in the GDR in 1957 through an article by James Robertson , an employee of J. Bowlby , in the journal for medical training . In the same year Eva Schmidt-Kolmer presented excerpts from Bowlby's essay for the WHO Maternal Care and Mental Health in this journal .

In the period that followed, at the end of the 1950s, a number of comparative developmental psychological studies were carried out in the GDR between family-bound infants and toddlers, day and week crèche and home children . The results of the investigation were able to prove the best levels of development for family-bound children with regard to morbidity , physical and psychological development and adaptation disorders when changing milieu. With the increasing degree of institutional care, the developmental deficits and disorders of the children increased. Pediatricians and developmental psychologists such as C. v. Bothmer called for measures to reduce adaptation disorders and maintain contact between mothers and children. It was recommended that the child be admitted to an institutional facility only after they have reached the age of 2. Reform approaches such as constant care of the children by the nursing staff, the gradual acclimatization of the child or family milieus in the facilities were developed and tested.

Due to considerable risks and dangers for the development of infants and young children, the focus of institutional accommodation of the displaced infant homes and cribs week more and more to the day nursery care. Due to political pressure from circles of the GDR government and the Central Committee of the SED , a higher proportion of society in the education of infants and small children was to be achieved. After the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, there were no further publications of attachment theory or comparative studies with family-bound children in the GDR. The previous research results were not published any further and, like the attachment theory, were forgotten in the following years. The independent research groups in Halle, Leipzig or Berlin were dissolved. In 1966, under the direction of Eva Schmidt-Kolmer, the centrally run Institute for Hygiene of Children and Adolescents (IHKJ) was founded as a subordinate department of the Ministry of Health (MfGe).

Attachment aspects were found in childcare such as B. daycare centers are no longer considered.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Robertson: On Loss of Maternal Care in Early Childhood. In: Journal for Medical Training 1957, 21/22
  2. ↑ J. Bowlby: Maternal care and mental health . In: World Health Organization Monograph 1951, Serial No. 2.
  3. ↑ Jens Plückhahn: Permanent homes for infants and toddlers in the GDR from the perspective of attachment theory. Diploma thesis FH Potsdam, Potsdam 2012, p. 60 and p. 101 ff .; Bundesarchiv Berlin-Lichterfelde - Ministry of Health of the GDR BArch DQ 1/13585 u. at the; Journal for Medical Training in the GDR 1957, 21/22, p. 895 ff. / 1958.7, p. 307 ff. / 1959, 22, p. 1443 ff. / 1960, 21, p. 1220 ff. And at the