Bladder capacity
The bladder capacity, more precisely: the urinary bladder capacity, is the capacity of the urinary bladder , i.e. the maximum achievable volume .
Terms
A distinction can be made:
- spatial bladder capacity , also the actual capacity (what goes in with maximum filling without overflowing)
- functional bladder capacity or English maximum voided volume ( MVV ) (how much can be completely emptied), the maximum empty volume should correspond to the bladder capacity
- estimated bladder capacity or English expected bladder capacity; estimated bladder capacity ( EBC ) (the expected or estimated bladder capacity )
Determination of the bubble volume
The bladder volume and capacity can be determined radiologically , under anesthesia by cystoscopy or (usually) sonographically .
The volume is determined according to the ellipsoid formula height × depth × width × 0.5 in cm³.
Development of the bladder capacity
The baby's urinary bladder has a capacity of around 50–90 ml, and voluntary control begins at the age of 1–2 (through toilet training ).
Bladder growth in children and adolescents is around 25 ml per year, the normal bladder volume according to age can be calculated using various formulas:, mostly using the formula (age + 1) × 30 in ml.
In adults, the normal daily maximum filling volume is far below the bladder capacity (maximum possible maximum volume), namely around 300–400 ml.
Clinical significance
If the bladder cannot be largely completely emptied, residual urine remains and can promote a urinary tract infection . If the bladder capacity is reduced, there is more frequent emptying ( micturition ), pollakiuria . In the case of enuresis , the bladder capacity is often asked. Exceptionally large capacity can be found e.g. B. in the overflow bladder or the Hinman syndrome .
literature
- J. Acosta, E. López, GI Olvera, R. Ortega: Capacidad vesical funcional mediante ultrasonido en pacientes con enuresis primaria monosintomática. In: Revista chilena de pediatria. Vol. 88, No. 5, 2017, pp. 608-613, doi: 10.4067 / S0370-41062017000500006 , PMID 29546945 .
- ES Lukacz, C. Sampselle, M. Gray, S. Macdiarmid, M. Rosenberg, P. Ellsworth, MH Palmer: A healthy bladder: a consensus statement. In: International journal of clinical practice. Vol. 65, No. 10, October 2011, pp. 1026-1036, doi: 10.1111 / j.1742-1241.2011.02763.x , PMID 21923844 , PMC 3206217 (free full text).
- A. Sigel, R.-H. Ringert (Ed.): Pediatric urology. 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-662-08081-8 (print) / ISBN 978-3-662-08080-1 (e-book), p. 34.
- JW Thüroff, H. Schulte-Wissermann (Ed.): Pediatric urology in clinic and practice. , 2nd edition 2000, Thieme, ISBN 3-13-674802-6 , p. 33.
Individual evidence
- ↑ P. Abrams, L. Cardozo, M. Fall, D. Griffiths, P. Rosier, U. Ulmsten, P. van Kerrebroeck, A. Victor, A. Wein: The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardization Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. In: Neurourology and urodynamics. Vol. 21, No. 2, 2002, pp. 167-178, PMID 11857671 .
- ^ H. Pettersson, H. Ringertz: Measurements in Pediatric Radiology. 1991, ISBN 978-1-4471-1846-6 , e- ISBN 978-1-4471-1844-2 , DOl: 10.1007 / 978-1-4471-1844-2
- ↑ CF Engström, H. Ringertz: Radiologic method to assess urinary bladder capacity and proportions in children. In: Acta radiologica: diagnosis. Vol. 25, No. 1, 1984, pp. 33-37, PMID 6731009 .
- ^ V. Hofmann, KH Deeg, PF Hoyer: Ultrasound diagnostics in paediatrics and pediatric surgery. Textbook and atlas. Thieme 2005, ISBN 3-13-100953-5 .
- ↑ M. Harrington: Bladder Capacity. In: Nephrology nursing journal: journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association. Vol. 44, No. 1, 2017 Jan-Feb, p. 92, PMID 29237112 .
- ↑ M. Kaefer, D. Zurakowski, SB Bauer, AB Retik, CA Peters, A. Atala, ST Treves: Estimating normal bladder capacity in children. In: The Journal of urology. Vol. 158, No. 6, December 1997, pp. 2261-2264, PMID 9366371 .
- ↑ K. Hjalmas, T. Arnold, W. Bower, P. Caione, LM Chiozza, A. von Gontard, SW Han, DA Husman, A. Kawauchi, G. LAckgren, H. Lottmann, S. Mark, S. Rittig , L. Robson, JV Walle, CK Yeung: Nocturnal enuresis: an international evidence based management strategy. In: The Journal of urology. Vol. 171, No. 6 Pt 2, June 2004, pp. 2545-2561, PMID 15118418 (review).
- ↑ MP Fitzgerald, U. Stablein, L. Brubaker: Urinary habits among asymptomatic women. In: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology . Vol. 187, No. 5, November 2002, pp. 1384-1388, PMID 12439535 .
- ↑ JM Latini, E. Mueller, MM Lux, MP Fitzgerald, KJ Kreder: Voiding frequency in a sample of asymptomatic American men. In: The Journal of urology. Vol. 172, No. 3, September 2004, pp. 980-984, doi: 10.1097 / 01.ju.0000135890.08541.02 , PMID 15311017 .