Bottom dump truck

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A bottom discharge truck is a self- emptying trolley in which the conveyed goods fall down from the car body during the unloading process. This type of car is in mining underground as a special car for the promotion of bulk materials used. Bottom emptiers are used in trains that commute between loading and unloading points. This achieves higher conveying capacities than with normal trolleys.

Basics and history

As early as the first half of the 20th century, bottom dischargers were used in hard coal mining to convey coal. In the 1960s, the gradual investigation and further development of the bottom dump began. However, the first car types could not really establish themselves. The reason for this was the higher maintenance and repair costs compared to other trams. Another type of bottom drainer was developed in the Swedish ore mining industry; this was also used in mines in the Ruhr district in the 1970s .

Layout and function

Basically, a distinction is made between two types of wagons in the case of bottom unloaders: the longitudinal unloader and the transverse unloader.

Cross unloader

With this type of wagon, the wagon floor with the running wheels and the wagon body with the coupling are separate units. Both parts are connected to one another at one end of the car via a hinge joint. The end walls of the car body protrude. A tail wheel is mounted under the car floor at the rear. The spaces between the carriages are covered by overlapping sheets. This type of car is also known as the Grängesberg wagon . When driving through the unloading station, the underframe folds down with the floor about a longitudinal axis transversely to the side. With the tail wheel mounted at the rear, the floor of the wagon is now guided downwards via an unloading curve located in the unloading station. The car body is simultaneously guided over a roller battery mounted on the unloading station. At the end of the unloading station, the wagon floor is guided over a locking cam installed there. No pulling force is required during the unloading process; the trolleys are pushed further forward by the discharged goods. This type of car has only a few wearing parts and has a very high unloading capacity.

Longitudinal unloader

The basic structure of this type of wagon is similar to that of the transverse unloader. The mechanics of the car floor are different here. With the longitudinal unloader, the car floor folds around a transverse axis of the car. The floor of the car folds down against the direction of travel. The goods to be conveyed now slide into the infeed funnel of the unloading station. The disadvantage of this type of trolley is that the unloading station can only be driven through in one direction. This type of wagon also requires a particularly deep unloading station. Since the conveyed goods run out of the car body in the longitudinal direction, a force acts in the direction of travel that has to be compensated for by an additional braking force. Because of these disadvantages, the longitudinal unloader is to be regarded as the poorer technical solution.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary . 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  2. ↑ Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Introduction to mining . 1st edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen, 1982, ISBN 3-7739-0390-1 , pp. 36-40.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Commission of the European Communities (Hrsg.): Conveyor technology in hard coal mining underground . Volume 1, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1978, ISBN 3-7739-0233-6 , pp. 79-81.
  4. ^ Hermann Schäfer: Development possibilities for large conveyor vehicles . In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for mining interests in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund (Ed.), No. 7, 77th year, February 15, 1941, pp. 105–109.
  5. ^ Heinrich Otto Buja: Engineering handbook mining technology, deposits and extraction technology. 1st edition, Beuth Verlag GmbH Berlin-Vienna-Zurich, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-410-22618-5 , pp. 349-350.
  6. ↑ a b c d Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 12th edition, VGE Verlag GmbH, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86797-076-1 , pp. 545-547.

See also