Soil fatigue

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Soil fatigue , also called soil depletion , describes the condition of the soil during the cultivation of plants, when the growth or the yields decrease over time, whereby general fertilization measures do not provide a remedy. Soil fatigue occurs particularly when the same plants have been cultivated in the same location for years, and this is mostly limited to only one plant family or genus. It occurs in arable farming , vegetable growing and also in the cultivation of ornamental plants, shrubs and fruit growing. So all kinds of plants grow in one location, but the desired ones, which previously grew well in the location, hardly thrive or wither; there is, for example, the term rose fatigue, potato fatigue or “rose tired soil”, which aptly describes this phenomenon.

horticulture

The causes are often diverse and not fully understood in detail. A plant keeps drawing the same nutrients from the soil. As a result, the soil becomes impoverished in a characteristic way, as each plant genus withdraws different amounts of fertilizers from the soil. Are to be mentioned

  • specific withdrawal of nutrients (e.g. also depletion of certain trace elements )
  • Accumulation of pests in the soil (e.g., carbonic hernia )
  • Metabolic excretions from the roots ( exudates ) that inhibit growth or attract pests
  • Decline in species of soil organisms and the associated change in soil temperature
  • Change in soil pH

To avoid soil fatigue, crop rotation and correct crop rotation are important in vegetable growing. Regular organic fertilization, especially with compost , but also fertilizers rich in trace elements such as guano or algae fertilizer and control of the pH value in the soil generally prevent soil fatigue from occurring. If you are tired of roses, often the only thing that helps is to replace the soil to a depth of 60 cm. The vapors (soil disinfection) counts as the effective methods in agriculture, to eliminate the soil exhaustion.

Agriculture

The main causes are deficiency symptoms of micronutrients and an enrichment of the soil with growth- impairing inhibitors and their degradation products. However, crop rotation diseases and pests in arable monocultures usually reduce the yield even more .

  • Gold nematodes only allow potato cultivation with breaks of several years, as there are no other suitable means of control.
  • Crop rotations that are too short in sugar and fodder beet cultivation lead to the unchecked reproduction of beet cyst nematodes . These also multiply in other cruciferous vegetables that are grown as the main or catch crop, such as rapeseed, oil radish or mustard.
  • Like most animal pests, the rape stem weevil, which used to be a nuisance, can now be combated in rapeseed stocks . It is advisable not to cultivate rapeseed too often to prevent white stems.
  • Red clover needs 6- to 9-year breaks in cultivation on areas infested with stem elk or clover shrimp. The same applies to alfalfa, which is otherwise affected by the wilt disease .
  • As a result of the increased cultivation of maize, the European corn borer and the corn rootworm have increased significantly and are spreading more and more. A reduction in infestation pressure on an individual farm is not effective because of the relatively large area in which the pest moves.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Robert Markley: Roses for everyone , BLV Buchverlag Munich, 2006, p. 72, ISBN 3-8354-0031-2 .
  2. ^ Rob Herwig / Hannelie Boks: The large vegetable garden book , BLV Verlag Munich 1986, p. 26, ISBN 3-405-13190-1 .
  3. ↑ Research report Service Center Rhineland Palatinate, January 2011: Page no longer available , search in web archives: Elimination of soil fatigue, especially on tree nursery areas , Author: Gerhard Baab, Rheinbach. Retrieved January 18, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.daempfen-dampfkessel-blog.de
  4. ↑ see Günther Bachthaler under literature