Soil mapping
The soil mapping is a systematic, comprehensive inventory of soil conditions.
The aim is to record the spatial distribution of soils , differentiated according to their structure and properties. It has the important function of collecting soil information using standardized methods and procedures and making it available for evaluation for preventive and sustainable protection of soil resources. Soil mapping in Germany is based on the Soil Science Mapping Guide .
The mapping in the area includes the recording and description of the soils with the help of pits and boreholes. In general, the soil structure is examined 2–5 m below the foundation level. The soil systematic labeling ( soil type ), the vertical sequence of substrate genesis and composition ( soil horizons , soil type ), the starting material for soil formation and a large number of physical and chemical properties (substrate characteristics) are described.
This point information of the so marked soils is summarized in the form of soil units with comparable or - depending on the scale - at least similar content, delimited in their spatial distribution on the topographic map and displayed. The scale and content of the soil maps - and thus the intensity of the soil mapping - are based on the given goals and questions.
In the scales 1: 100,000 and smaller soil survey maps are presented, based in addition to a summary mapping especially true geoscientific on the evaluations and other documents.
Intensive field work, on the other hand, is the prerequisite for the pedological survey of the land in the medium-scale 1: 25,000 and 1: 50,000. At these scales, larger areas of the ground are recorded and displayed relatively precisely.
For special examinations, e.g. B. agricultural or forest site mapping, urban soil mapping, vineyard mapping or project mapping for state planning and soil protection, maps on larger scales z. B. 1: 5,000 and 1: 10,000 created.