Buša
Buša is a breed of cattle . It belongs to the group of short-horned cattle. Buša belong to the very original cattle breeds, genetically they are the oldest cattle species in Europe. They also have a haplogroup that was otherwise only found in Neolithic cattle. No other domestic cattle species had so far brought a genetic trait to these Neolithic ancestral forms of today's domesticated domestic cattle. Another characteristic of the Buša cattle, which were no longer selected in historical times, is their high genetic diversity, which is higher than in any other European cattle breed. This trait is important for maintaining the functional and genetic diversity of cattle breeds worldwide.
description
These cattle are solid brown. The breed is small, cows weigh max. 300 kg with a height at the withers of 115 cm, bulls up to 450 kg with a withers of 120 cm. Buša is a late-ripening cow. Heifers do not reach sexual maturity until they are 2 years old. The calves are very small at birth (15 kg). The fertility is between 85% and 90%. Females remain fertile until they are 12 years old. The service life is about 20 years.
Blows
The Buša metapopulation is spread over 14 strikes over the Balkan Peninsula. Due to the crossbreeding of Western European cattle breeds, the lofts in the Albanian lowlands (Jersey cattle) and in Bosnia (Tyrolean gray cattle) are no longer genetically original. Crossbreeding also took place in the other regions, but hardly systematically. Lots of the Prokletije (Metohische Rote Buša) have practically never been crossed. The Šar Planina (Šar Buša), the Prespa blow in the border area around Lake Prespa in Greece, Albania and Macedonia (Prespa Lake Buša) and the Montenegrin, Serbian and Macedonian Buša were crossed very little.
Lots from Bosnia and Herzegovina were crossed in the second half of the 19th century by "improving" milk and meat production with Tyrolean gray cattle and Simmental. The Buša populations in the lowlands of Albania were hardly preserved in pure form in the 1980s due to the systematic import of semen from English Jersey cattle.
The 14 beats recognized today are distributed as follows: Rhodope shorthorn cattle (in the eastern Rhodopes around Krumovgrad, Momchilgrad, Zlatograd and Madzharovo), Macedonian Buša, Albanian Buša beats (Prespa beat, Central Albanian Buša, Lekibaj Buša, Dibra cattle, Shkodra beef, Shkodra beef ), Dukagjini Buša, Metohic Red Buša, Šar Buša, Montenegrin Buša, Serbian Buša, Bosnian Buša, Croatian Buša.
use
Buša are kept as draft animals and as meat and milk suppliers. The milk yield is around 1000 liters per year. The milk contains around 6% fat and 4.6% protein. In general, extensive husbandry is common for the Buša. The cows are extremely frugal in their mountain habitats, they can be kept outdoors even in winter, and the cows do not have to be looked after by a veterinarian during calving. The female cows can give birth to calves for several generations and do not lose their vitality and health. In some regions even semi-wild husbandry is common. This means that Prespa cattle can manage practically without a winter stable. For transhumant husbandry on mountain pastures, relatively simple stables are often sufficient. The unpretentiousness is also evident when it comes to feeding. The Buša manages without feed from field or imported forage. Grass or maize silage is also not common in extensive farming. The limestone meadows on site are cultivated without the addition of fertilizers. Hay is brought in in the subtropical countries in summer. The mowing takes place in Orjen z. B. already held in early July. An ecological advantage of the lack of intensification of grassland in the keeping of the Buša remains due to the species-rich, site-bound lime meadows. In contrast, intensive grassland management in Western Europe led to the intensification of feeding and the intensive husbandry of dairy and beef cows to the severe degradation of original meadow locations and the loss of biological diversity.
The advantages of the Buša over the modern selected cattle fields are their frugality, high birth rate, health robustness, insensitivity to diseases, agility in demanding, often stony terrain and the reaching of old age. Buša can be kept well on poor pastures, for example, which do not provide enough food for modern cattle, and cows can calve once a year. This means that they produce more calves than comparable modern breeds. They are also extremely long-lived, it is not uncommon for them to live to be 20 years old.
distribution
Buša and its crossings can be found in Serbia , Bosnia-Herzegovina , some parts of Croatia such as Lika and Dalmatia, and in Montenegro and Albania . They are particularly common in karst areas and are considered to be resilient and frugal. These cattle are only kept indoors for 2–6 months during the winter months, the rest of the time outdoors.
Danger
This breed of pet is not considered endangered.
Web links
- Project at LMU on the genetic diversity of Buša cattle
- Buša beef at Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Hristov, Daniela Sirakova, Ivan Mitkov, Nikolai Spassov & Georgi Radoslavov (2016): Balkan brachicerous cattle - the first domesticated cattle in Europe, Mitochondrial DNA Part A, DOI: 10.1080 / 24701394.2016.1238901 . (PDF)
- ↑ J. Ramljak, G. Bunevski, H. Bytyqi, B. Marković, M. Brka, A. Ivanković, K. Kume, S. Stojanović, V. Nikolov, M. Simčič, J. Sölkner, E. Kunz, S. Rothammer, D. Seichter, HP Grünenfelder, ET Broxham, W. Kugler, I. Medugorac: Conservation of a domestic metapopulation structured into related and partly admixed strains. In: Molecular ecology. Volume 27, number 7, 04 2018, pp. 1633-1650, doi : 10.1111 / mec.14555 , PMID 29575253 .
- ↑ Ivica Medugorac: Diversity of the Busa cattle worth protecting
- ↑ Supplement 1: Conservation of a domestic metapopulation structured into related and partly admixed strains Molecular Ecology, April 2018, Vol. 27 (7), pp. 1633-1650. Ramljak, Jelena; Bunevski, Gjoko; Bytyqi, Hysen; Marković, Božidarka; Brka, Muhamed; Ivanković, Ante; Kume, Kristaq; Stojanović, Srđan; Nikolov, Vasil; Simčič, Mojca; Sölkner, Johann; Kunz, Elisabeth; Rothammer, Sophie; Seichter, Doris; Grünenfelder, Hans ‐ Peter; Broxham, Elli T.; Kugler, Waltraud; Medugorac, Ivica
- ^ Rare Breeds and Varieties of the Balkans - Atlas 2009. Monitoring Institute for rare breeds and seeds in Europe in collaboration of SAVE Foundation. (PDF)
- ^ Cattle in landscape maintenance
- ↑ BushaLive (PO No. 299432) Determination of different types and strains of Busha Cattle in the Balkans, Sustainable use of Busha Cattle: Comprehensive overview in the field, development of an overall-crossborder conservation model (PDF)