Bull stand
In sailing, a bull stand is a safety line that is supposed to prevent a patent jib (sudden, uncontrolled turning of the tree to the other side of the ship).
history
The origin of the term, is rare and short bull used much entwined yarn . Its actual origin is unclear. The naming "Bullenstander" is likely to be a corruption of the Low German word "Bulien", which exactly stands for the function described. Bulien for his part probably comes from the Engl. The term "bowline", which was used to counteract the bream on square sailors, thus again fulfilling the function described.
use
On sailing yachts , a bull stand is usually only used on downwind courses , where the risk of a patent jibe is greatest. On the main boom - mostly at the Nock - a leash is attached to and on the foredeck occupied . It can also be diverted on the foredeck and led back into the cockpit so that it can be operated from there.
On large sailing ships, on the other hand, a bull stander is usually only dispensed with on close -haul courses . Due to the considerably higher forces, a tackle ("Bullentalje") is used. One side of the bull stand is attached to the tree, the other to a stable deck fitting or piece of equipment in front of the tree.
The bull stander must be released before each maneuver.
As safety equipment
The potential danger of a patent jibe for crew and ship is not only considerable in strong winds . Even in weak winds, the turning tree develops great forces. Again and again, serious and extremely serious injuries occur when a person is hit by the tree that falls, sometimes with fatal outcome. Common consequences are severe bruises, broken ribs, fractured skull, going overboard. Due to the high forces that occur, a patent neck can also damage the ship's rig . Particularly at risk are the sheet fastenings and the lout bearing , and as a result of the tree swinging forward with great force, the shrouds that are not dimensioned for such transverse loads are also at risk . If as a result the shrouds break, the mast is insufficiently held, which in turn can break.
A cop stander can prevent these dangers.
In the sailing literature and by the Federal Bureau of Maritime Casualty Investigation , the use of a bull stand is recommended as a safety device. The resulting security clearly outweighs the risks.
The bull stand is an indispensable part of the safety equipment on the sailor for a small crew or single-handed sailor and for beginners. It is led from the boom jib forward to the foredeck to a pulley at the level of the foremost mooring cleats, from there to another pulley on the other side of the ship and from there back to the cockpit area. So you have a circumferential line that on the one hand fixes the boom on stern courses, on the other hand it can also be loosened from the cockpit with a handle if the course is changed. It is important to easily and safely reach the occupancy for throwing off when maneuvering, even with a restless yacht. There is therefore no risk of “inability to maneuver” due to the occupied bull stand. The bull stand is standard on all reasonably safely equipped small to medium-sized sailing yachts.
execution
Due to the great forces that can act on the Bullenstander, it should be brought forward as far as possible. In order to minimize the strain on the bull stand line, an attachment at a 90-degree angle to the lowered tree would be ideal. However, this is not possible in practice because there is only water there. The diagram opposite illustrates the relationship between the angle of the bull stand to the tree and the additional load on the leash. If the angle is less than 25 degrees, the load on the line increases disproportionately and can be well over 10. In this case a line would have to be used that can withstand at least ten times the breaking load than in the optimal case. In addition, no is often the preventer compared to the mainsheet tackle (and tackle) present, and the line is with a bowline knotted, not with a spliced eye - both of which require a further increase in the required breaking load.
Arguments against cop stander
Some "opponents" of the bull stand on smaller sailors, however, point out that the bull stand must be released before a sailing maneuver - under a bull stand a ship is therefore not immediately fully maneuverable. If the ship's crew forgets to release the bull stand before a maneuver, the maneuver can fail, causing serious time delays in critical moments (e.g. man overboard ). As a rule, however, the bull stander can be thrown away in a relatively short time, provided that it has been brought into the cockpit.
Endless bull stand
With the endless bull stand, one end of a strong line about twice the length of the boat is led back into the cockpit from the boom over one or two swivel blocks attached to the forecastle, around the outside of the shrouds , and the other end again attached to the boom. The bull stand and its receipts are hauled up on the windward, unused (spi- / genoa) winch .
Advantages:
- Operation from the safe cockpit possible; no crew member has to go to the bow
- In the case of a patent collar, the bull stand can be released more quickly and safely
- The endless bull stand can be attached even in calm weather and is attached to the large tree with a lanyard on slip when not in use behind the tree vang.
Web links
- Schematic representation of the bull stand with pulley to the aft in the cockpit
Individual evidence
- ↑ CS Forester: the Hornblower saga . There is a description of the bowline in the original English. The German translation by Krüger-Verlag calls this rope “Bulien”. On Bulien: Richard Wossidlo: “Journey, quarters in Gottesnaam. Sailor life on old sailing ships in the mouths of old sailors ”, by Hinstorff-Verlag Rostock 1952.
- ^ Accident report from the Federal Bureau of Maritime Casualty Investigation
- ^ Report on the Platino accident ( en ) Maritime New Zealand. 2016. Accessed November 10, 2018.
- ^ Report on the Platino accident ( en ) Maritime New Zealand. S. 27. 2016. Accessed November 10, 2018.