C fabric

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C-substance is an abbreviation and mostly used as a code name for a chemical mixture . The meaning changed with the period in which the term was used and can therefore only be interpreted in the respective context.

history

First World War

During the First World War , C-substance was the name given to a mixture of mono- and dichloromethyl chloroformate , which was used as an irritant gas in mines. Other aliases were Palite (French), Palit (English) or Cipalite . When used in tear gas grenades, however, the code name K-substance was used for similar mixtures .

On July 29, 1915, in the presence of Walther Nernst, the "C mines" he had developed, which contained this warfare agent, were used for the first time on the Russian front by German special troops with mine throwers that he had also developed . Bauer reports on this in August 1915: “I was particularly pleased to see that even friend Nernst, who initially had doubts about the more volatile K-material, is now singing his praise after having tried himself out at the front [ ...] was able to convince the captured Russians of the superior effectiveness. "

Second World War

During the Second World War , C-Stoff referred to a fuel mixture that was used together with the oxidizer T-Stoff in the Messerschmitt Me 163 and Bachem Ba 349 rocket aircraft .

The substance designated as C-substance during World War II is a mixture of 57% methanol CH 3 OH, 30% hydrazine hydrate N 2 H 4 · H 2 O and 13% water H 2 O. Potassium tetracyanocuprate (I) , K 3 was used as a stabilizer [Cu (CN) 4 ], added to prevent the mixture from decomposing itself.

The mixture was developed to react with the T-substance hypergolically , which means that both substances ignite on contact. An ignition is not necessary. The Walter HWK 109-509 engine burned a mixture of three parts of T-material and one part of C-material.

While hydrazine hydrate and its derivatives are still used in launch vehicles and satellite propulsion systems today, C-material was no longer used after the war. Both methanol and hydrazine are toxic to humans.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Clinical training . Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1937, p. 484 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ^ Gerhard Hirschfeld, Gerd Krumeich, Irina Renz: Encyclopedia First World War . UTB, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8252-8396-4 , pp. 521 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ^ Carl Duisberg, Kordula Kühlem (ed.): Carl Duisberg (1861-1935): Letters from an industrialist . Oldenbourg Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-486-71283-4 . (Reading sample) .
  4. ^ Botho Stüwe: Peenemünde West. Weltbildverlag, 1998, ISBN 3-8289-0294-4 , p. 220.