Carditida

Carditida
Cardita calyculata (from Dautzenberg, 1913: plate 42, fig. 143)
Systematics
Sub-stem : Conchifera Class : Bivalvia Subclass : Heterodonta Archiheterodonta Superordinate : Order : Carditida
Scientific name
Carditida
Dall , 1889

The Carditida are an order of mussels .

features

The housings with the same flaps are small to medium-sized. They are rounded-triangular in outline, approximately trapezoidal to ovoid. in some forms elongated and pointed towards the rear end. They are heart-shaped in cross-section. The vertebrae, which are clearly curled forward (prosogyr), are often greatly inflated. The cases are unequal, the vertebrae are usually located well in front of the center line. The lock plate is usually very massive. The lock consists of two to three main teeth, one or two side teeth can also be present. The ligament is mostly external behind the vertebrae on well-developed nymphs. In some species there is an inner resilience. The sphincter muscles are either uniform (in byssate forms) or the anterior sphincter is reduced (in non-byssate forms). The surface line is not indented.

The aragonitic shell is usually thick, heavy and hard-shelled. It consists of an outer layer with crossed lamellas and an inner layer with complex crossed lamellas. The housings are decorated with predominantly radial elements (Carditoidea) or predominantly with elements parallel to the edge (Crassatelloidea). The inside edge of the housing is correspondingly notched or smooth.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The order is spread all over the world. However, the main focus of the distribution is in the warmer seas.

The species live mostly buried shallow in muddy or fine-sand sediments just below the sediment surface. Some groups also prefer muddy soils with numerous coarse components. Species with strongly unequal casings and strong byssus are attached to solid substrate or larger components in the sediment. Most species live in shallower water.

Taxonomy

The taxon was proposed as a suborder Carditacea by William Healey Dall in 1889 . It is now widely accepted.

• Carditida Dall, 1889
  • Carditoidea Férussac, 1822
    • Cardiniidae Zittel, 1881
    • Trapezoidal shells (Carditidae Férussac, 1822)
    • Condylocardiidae Bernard, 1896
  • Crassatelloidea Férussac, 1822
    • Astarten (Astartidae d'Orbigny, 1844 (1840))
      • Astartellinae Boyd & Newell, 1968
      • Astartinae d'Orbigny, 1844 (1840)
      • Eriphylinae Chavan, 1952
      • Holdhausiellinae Beurlen, 1954
      • Opinae Chavan, 1952
      • Pinzonellinae Beurlen, 1954
      • Trigonopinae Gardner & Campbell, 2002
    • Crassatellidae Férussac, 1822
      • Crassatellinae Férussac, 1822
      • Scambulinae Chavann, 1952
      • Oriocrassatellinae Boyd & Newell, 1968
    • Eodonidae Carter, DC Campbell & MR Campbell, 2000 †
    • Ptychomyidae Keen, 1969
  • Incertae superfamilia
    • Myophoricardiidae Chavan, 1969 †
    • Aenigmoconchidae Betekhtina, 1968 †
    • Archaeocardiidae Khalfin, 1940 †

literature

• Michael Amler, Rudolf Fischer & Nicole Rogalla: Mussels . 214 pp., Haeckel-Bücherei, Volume 5. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 2000 ISBN 3-13-118391-8 (p. 72)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Philippe Dautzenberg: Atlas de poche des coquilles des côtes de France (Manche, océan, Méditerranée) communes, pittoresques ou comestibles, Paris, Librairie des sciences naturelles, Paul Klincksiek, 1913. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (Plate 42)
2. ^ William Healey Dall: On the Hinge of Pelecypods and its Development, with an attempt toward a better subdivision of the group. American Journal of Science, 38: 445–462, New Haven, Connecticut 1889 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 460)
3. ↑ MolluscaBase: Carditida