Trapezoid shells

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Trapezoid shells
Cardita calyculata (from Dautzenberg, 1913: plate 42, fig. 143 [1])

Cardita calyculata (from Dautzenberg, 1913: plate 42, fig. 143)

Systematics
Subclass : Heterodonta
Archiheterodonta
Superordinate :
Order : Carditida
Superfamily : Carditoidea
Family : Trapezoid shells
Scientific name
Carditidae
Férussac , 1822

The trapezoidal shells (Carditidae) are a living in the sea family of shells . The oldest representatives of the family are known from the Permian . The family includes about 150 recent species. The number of fossil species has not yet been recorded.

features

The housings with the same flap are very small to medium-sized. They are trapezoidal in outline or also rounded or oblong-egg-shaped. They are almost equilateral to strongly unequal, the prominent vertebrae sit almost in the middle or well in front of the middle. The ligament is on the outside. The lock has three main teeth in the right flap and two main teeth in the left flap. The posterior teeth are rudimentary. The main teeth can be striated across. There is no jacket bay. There are two sphincters. The anterior sphincter is often slightly larger and sits on a platform.

The shell is thick and strong. The ornamentation consists of strong radial ribs that can widen like scales or leaves on the edge of the case. Elements parallel to the edge are largely absent or are weaker than the radial elements. The inside edge of the housing is notched. The outer gill leaf is reduced in the gills, there are no siphons.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species of the family live predominantly in the tropical and subtropical seas, a few species also in the temperate zones, and a few species in the Antarctic waters.

The species of the family live endobenthonically digging in sandy soils or also epibenthonically. Species with unequal cases with strong byssus are attached to a solid substrate.

Way of life

As far as is known, the animals are of separate sexes, and fertilization takes place in the mantle cavity. The eggs are retained in the mantle cavity and released into the open water at different stages of larval development. Some species have even developed a special brood pouch.

Taxonomy

The taxon was founded in 1822 by André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac under the common name Les Cardites . The name was Latinized by John Fleming in 1828 and often attributed to him. It is generally accepted. However, the size of the family, especially with regard to the fossil genera, is still very uncertain. Some authors also use a subfamily structure that essentially goes back to André Chavan in Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology . Eugene Coan and Paul Valentich-Scott (2012) limit the number of subfamilies again, which overlap many features.

supporting documents

literature

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi Rüdiger Bieler Joseph G. Carter Eugene V. Coan: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52 (2): 1-184, 2010 doi : 10.4002 / 040.052.0201
  • Joseph G. Carter, Cristian R. Altaba, Laurie C. Anderson, Rafael Araujo, Alexander S. Biakov, Arthur E. Bogan, David C. Campbell, Matthew Campbell, Chen Jin-hua, John CW Cope, Graciela Delvene, Henk H Dijkstra, Fang Zong-jie, Ronald N. Gardner, Vera A. Gavrilova, Irina A. Goncharova, Peter J. Harries, Joseph H. Hartman, Michael Hautmann, Walter R. Hoeh, Jorgen Hylleberg, Jiang Bao-yu, Paul Johnston, Lisa Kirkendale, Karl Kleemann, Jens Koppka, Jiří Kříž, Deusana Machado, Nikolaus Malchus, Ana Márquez-Aliaga, Jean-Pierre Masse, Christopher A. McRoberts, Peter U. Middelfart, Simon Mitchell, Lidiya A. Nevesskaja, Sacit Özer , John Pojeta, Jr., Inga V. Polubotko, Jose Maria Pons, Sergey Popov, Teresa Sánchez, André F. Sartori, Robert W. Scott, Irina I. Sey, Javier H. Signorelli, Vladimir V. Silantiev, Peter W. Skelton, Thomas Steuber, J. Bruce Waterhouse, G. Lynn Wingard, Thomas Yancey: A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Kansas University Paleontological Contributions, 4: 1-47, Lawrence, Kansas, USA 2011, ISSN 1946-0279 PDF
  • Eugene V. Coan, Paul Valentich-Scott: Bivalve Seashells of Tropical West America marine Bivalve mollusks from Baja california to Northern Perú. Part 1,598 pp., Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara 2012 ISBN 978-0-936494-43-2 (p. 373)
  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 243)
  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 59)
  • André Chavan: Family Carditidae Fleming, 1820. In: Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 2. S.N548-N558, New York, 1969.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Philippe Dautzenberg: Atlas de poche des coquilles des côtes de France (Manche, océan, Méditerranée) communes, pittoresques ou comestibles, Paris, Librairie des sciences naturelles, Paul Klincksiek, 1913. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (Plate 42)
  2. ↑ André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac: Tableaux systématiques des animaux mollusques classés en familles naturelles, dans lesquels on a établi la concordance de tous les systèmes; suivis d'un prodrome general pour tous les mollusques terrestres ou fluviatiles, vivants ou fossils. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1821-1822 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (S. XLII)
  3. ^ John Fleming: A history of British Anmals. XXIII + 565 pp., Bell & Bradfute, Edinburgh, 1828.
  4. ↑ MolluscaBase: Carditidae Férussac, 1822
  5. ^ William Healey Dall: Descriptions of sixty new forms of mollusks from the West coast of North America and the North Pacific Ocean, with notes on others already described. American Journal of Conchology, 7: 93-160, 1871. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 152) plate 16
  6. ^ Rafael La Perna, Oleg Mandic, Mathias Harzhauser: Systematics and Palaeobiogeography of Megacardita Sacco in the Neogene of Europa (Bivalvia: Carditidae). Papers in Palaeontology, 3 (1): 11-150, 2017 doi : 10.1002 / spp2.1072 PDF