Cash recycling
The expression cash recycling ("reuse of cash"), adopted from the English language, denotes the deposit and withdrawal at combined deposit and withdrawal devices , so-called cash recyclers or cash recycling systems (CRS) .
Paid-in notes are stored after being checked and then released and issued again with the next payout. A cycle is created. The advantage lies in the high availability of cash. The devices are available to customers for longer. The filling intervals increase, which reduces the operating costs of the credit institutions .
In general, cash deposit machines are more sensitive than pure withdrawal devices, which means that they usually have less technical availability.
Profitability of cash recycling systems
The acquisition and maintenance costs of a cash recycling machine are higher than that of a pure cash dispenser because of the necessary money verification unit.
On the savings side, there are shorter filling cycles, as the system is refilled by the customers themselves through their deposits. Often there is a local money cycle, many customers withdraw small amounts of money and spend it in local shops. They bring this money back to the same ATM. With this cash recycling system, the bank can save on night safes, the processing of which results in very high personnel costs.
From the customer's point of view, paying into the cash recycling system is advantageous because the money can be posted to the customer's account in real time. Small bank branches can also be operated with just one account manager if the cash campaigns are carried out using the cash recycling system.
Counterfeit money
Together with the national central bank , mass tests are carried out with real and false banknotes, in which different signs of use and banknote printing companies are taken into account and the systems with passed tests are publicly listed. For the euro, the ECB specifies which notes are to be used as
- No money (category 1); z. B. erroneously deposited pieces of paper
- Counterfeit money (category 2)
- Suspected counterfeit money (Category 3)
- Real money, fit for circulation (category 4a) "fit"
- Real money, not fit for circulation (category 4b) "unfit"; z. B. faded, glued, torn notes
be categorized. In the case of types of money with a high security standard and strict regulations, the acceptance of counterfeit money as genuine is almost impossible. In many countries, legal regulations require that the spread of counterfeit money is traced or that the cash deposit machine immediately triggers an alarm and informs the police.
technology
One way of recognizing money is optical analysis , while other systems measure the transmission of the notes, combined with UV and infrared radiation. The data determined in this way are compared with the reference data for the local currency. If the customer agrees to the analysis of the machine, the money is transported to the safe or the cash boxes .
For example, if the customer does not agree with the calculated amount, all deposited money will be spent again. Most of the machines have a buffer that ensures that the customer gets his money back exactly. Counterfeit money and money suspected to be counterfeit will be retained depending on local legislation.
Storage and distribution
In addition to checking for forgeries, the so-called fitness of the banknotes is also checked. If these have cracks, holes, are labeled or have lobes, they will not be returned to customers. This money is not stored in the recycling stores, but transported separately in pure deposit boxes without a payout function. The reason for this is that crumpled, kinked or torn money in recycling media often leads to disruptions in the transport of notes and thus to system failure. The fitness criterion is also subject to local legislation.
Depending on the model and manufacturer, the deposited money is stored on rolls or in stacking cassettes. The advantages of recycling cassettes are the lack of complex film systems like those built into rolls. These film drums are relatively sensitive to transport problems and traffic jams. The film is not stretchable and kinks and bumps in it are almost always irreparable. Often an entire roller storage system has to be replaced because of a kinked film. Cassettes do not have these foils and are generally cheaper to manufacture. The disadvantage of cassettes is the relatively “brute” storage of the notes. Money is simply pushed onto the front of the stack and is not, e.g. B. by a foil, "pressed flat", which makes it easier to dispense. Another disadvantage of the cassette storage system is the increased space requirement compared to the roller storage system. In contrast to rolls, cassettes have to be made suitable for each note size by adjusting edge borders (rails).
swell
- ↑ Test results for cash processing machines . Austrian National Bank . December 11, 2013. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
- ↑ Framework for action to detect counterfeit money . Austrian National Bank . December 1, 2004. Retrieved April 18, 2009.