Château Saint-Louis
| Château Saint-Louis | |
|---|---|
 Lieu patrimonial du Canada |
|
| Recognized since | November 19, 2001 |
| Type | National Historic Site |
| ID | 13547 |
| place | Quebec |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 48 '44.7 " N , 71 ° 12' 15.7" W |
| Recognized by | Canadian Federal Government |
| Approved by | Historic Sites and Monuments Act |
| Entry Canadian List of Monuments | |
The Château Saint-Louis was a fortress-like building in the Canadian city of Québec . It served as the governor's seat and was located in the upper town , on the edge of the rocky slope of Cap Diamant . Today the Dufferin terrace is located there , right next to the Château Frontenac . The location of the Chateau St. Louis since 19 January 2001 under the name Saint-Louis Forts and Châteaux National Historic Site as a national historic site classified.
history
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain built the Habitation de Québec on the banks of the Saint Lawrence River (at today's Place Royale ) , the first complex of buildings in what would later become the Lower City . At the top of Cap Diamant he had a wooden fort built in 1620 to protect the settlement below. The fort was named after the French King Louis XIII. It soon proved to be inadequate, which is why it was replaced by a larger new building six years later. Charles Jacques Huault de Montmagny , the first Governor General of New France , had the palisades replaced by a fortress wall in 1636.
The first Château Saint-Louis was built in 1648 in place of the fort. The 26 meters long and seven meters wide stone building with a shingle roof served as the official residence of the Governor General. After the Battle of Québec in 1690, Louis de Buade de Frontenac ordered the construction of new fortifications. In 1694 he also ordered the construction of a new château. It had two floors and was 36 meters long. Due to financial constraints, the completion took over three decades.
The artillery fire during the siege of Québec and the battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759 resulted in severe damage to the building, so that the northern pavilion had to be demolished. The British restored the rest of the building by 1768. Since it was increasingly considered to be cramped, the Château Haldimand was built in the immediate vicinity between 1780 and 1784. From the beginning of the 19th century, Governor James Henry Craig used the Château Saint-Louis as a residence again. He had it rebuilt in 1808 and added one floor, the architect using the Palladian style that was popular in Great Britain at the time .
On the night of June 23, 1834, the Château Saint-Louis was completely destroyed by fire. Four years later, a large terrace for strollers was built in its place. Extensive archaeological excavations took place from 2005 to 2007, during which over half a million artefacts were uncovered.
literature
- William Moss: Une archéologie du paysage urbain à la terrasse Dufferin à Québec . CELAT, Québec 1994, ISBN 978-2-920576-47-6 .
Web links
- Lieu historique national du Canada des Forts-et-Châteaux-Saint-Louis , Parks Canada (French, English)
- Forts et châteaux Saint-Louis (Québec) , Encyclopédie du patrimoine culturel de l'Amérique française (French)
Individual evidence
- ^ Saint-Louis Forts and Châteaux National Historic Site of Canada. Canadian Register of Historic Places, accessed November 1, 2014 .