Commonwealth Congress

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Commonwealth Congress is on the Philippines , the Parliament of the Commonwealth of the Philippines , called the first in 1935 as a unicameral institutionalized and in a 1940 two-chamber system was restructured with the Senate and House of Representatives. The basis for this was the entry into force of the Philippine Independence Act ( Tydings-McDuffie Law ), which was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 28, 1934 and came into force on May 1.

The Philippine Independence Act provided for a ten-year preparatory phase before the Philippines was finally given independence from the United States . The Philippines were granted full autonomy, which was subject to restrictions in their relationship with the USA. Only 50 Filipinos were allowed to move to the USA each year, while US citizens were granted unregulated free access to the Philippines. In the exchange of goods, the duty-free import of goods from the USA was prescribed, while exports from the Philippines to the USA were regulated.

National Assembly

The new parliament was designed as a unicameral system in accordance with the Philippine Independence Act and was known as the Philippine National Assembly until 1940. It had 98 MPs. The first elections were held on September 17, 1935 and the first session opened on November 15.

The first laws to be passed mainly concerned the implementation of the Philippine Independence Act into national law. Other important laws included the Philippine Defense Act of 1935, which provided for the establishment of the Armed Forces of the Philippines , and other laws that created the National Bank of the Philippines , the National Economic Council , the Census Commission , the Commission of Mindandao and Sulu, and the Institute of the National Language . According to the 1935 Constitution, a plebiscite was held on April 30, 1937, which enforced universal suffrage for women and allowed women to be elected as members of the municipal, provincial and national assemblies. As a result, as early as 1937, 24 women entered local councils and provincial parliaments.

Commonwealth Congress

In 1940 the unicameral system was replaced by a bicameral system, which, like the parliament of the Philippine Legislature, consisted of a 24-member Senate and an 80-seat House of Representatives. The first elections to Congress were held in November 1941, along with the presidential and vice-presidential elections, in which Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osmeña were re-elected. In these elections, the Nacionalista Party won all 24 senatorial seats and 70 of the 80 seats in the House of Representatives. It took place because of the outbreak of war on 7./8. December 1941, however, no more meetings took place. After the end of the Second World War, the first elections took place in June 1945; then Manuel Roxas was elected chairman of the Senate and Elpidio Quirino was elected vice chairman. On April 23, the Commonwealth Congress cleared the way for the establishment of the Congress of the Third Philippine Republic, as the country gained full independence on July 4, 1946.

Web links

credentials

  1. ↑ THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE ACT (TYDINGS-MCDUFFIE ACT)
  2. ↑ Commonwealth Politics, 1935-41 Library of the Congress