Crônica (literary genre)
The Crônica (Eng .: "Chronicle", "Newspaper") is a Portuguese and Brazilian literary genre that includes smaller texts intended for publication in newspapers, magazines or on the radio. It often appears in the form of a regular column.
The diverse genre developed in the 19th century with the upswing of the newspaper industry and as a result (starting from France around 1830) spreading the feature pages . It includes numerous sub-genera. The contents of the Crônicas are partly journalistic-documentary, partly subjective-essayistic, partly literarily highly sophisticated and creative, sometimes also humorous. Often social, political or historical events, social grievances or books and films are thematized, commented on or (mostly indirectly) criticized, for example through allegorical allusions such as in Lêdo Ivos Ninhos de Cobras ("Snake's Nest"), a satire on the Brazilian military dictatorship 1970s.
The characteristics of the Crônica are exemplified in the Football Crônica, as it developed and is cultivated in Brazil at the same time as the spread of football at the end of the 19th century. In contrast to conventional fact-based, objective football reporting, the Crônica is a place where "the interpretation of football gains greater freedom and the relationship between text and sporting event changes radically". She tries “to go beyond the referential universe of the game and the factual dimension of the spectacle and in doing so to dare the boldest interpretations of the football world.” She appeals to the imagination and “takes the sport out of the objective context of the message, which is only its purely sporting one Sees aspects in order to give it a new framework of meaning. "
Often the crônicas of an author were later published in book form. The way in which the chronicles are produced, for example in the form of regular columns, also corresponds to the compulsion that many authors in Portugal and Brazil had to live from journalism or have another job in view of the underdeveloped book market.
Representative
The older Portuguese cronistas include a. Camilo Castelo Branco , the Lima- born Jaime de Magalhães Lima and João Grave , who also published in Brazil; The more modern ones include Joaquim Sarmento , Jorge Silva Melo and the filmmaker Raquel Freire , a political and LBGT activist. Major Brazilian cronistas include Machado de Assis , Lima Barreto , João do Rio , Cecília Meireles and Rubem Braga .
literature
- Thomas Sträter: The Brazilian Chronicle (1936–1984). Studies on modern short prose. ( Cologne writings on literature and society in the Portuguese-speaking countries ; 5). Edições UFC, Fortaleza 1992, ISBN 85-7282-001-9 .
Web links
- Carlos Eduardo Varella Pinheiro Motta: Crônica literária on www.infoescola.com (Portuguese)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcelino Rodrigues da Silva: The “Crônica” on football: “A fact alone has little or no value” at Goethe-Institut , 2012.