Crop wild relative

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Wilder Emmer , a relative of wheat, comes and goes. a. in Northern Israel. [A short video] [1] ( MP4 ; 27.9 MB) about Emmer.

Under Crop wild relative (CWR) refers to wild relatives of cultivated plant varieties that the diet used.

overview

The wild relatives of the plants used for nutritional purposes today are increasingly becoming an important pillar for improving agricultural production and maintaining a sustainable agricultural ecosystem.

CWR could - due to their great adaptability - contribute to ensuring food security in the future , even in times of climate change and the associated instability of the ecosystem .

The importance of the CWR was already emphasized in the 20th century by Nikolai Wawilow , a Russian botanist. CWR genetic material has been used to improve our cultivars for thousands of years. In Mexico , for example, wild maize ( Zea mexicana ) was traditionally grown alongside cultivated maize in order to increase yields. Later, plant breeders used genes from CWR to develop various agro-crops such as cereals, rice ( Oryza sativa ), tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) or legumes. Thus it can be argued that the importance of the CWR lies in its genetic similarity to important socio-economic species. "

conservation

CWRs are essential components of both natural and agricultural ecosystems. The preservation and sustainable use of these wild relatives is therefore essential for improving agricultural production and the associated food security, as well as maintaining a healthy environment.

However, the natural distribution of many CWR is increasingly endangered. They are threatened by the destruction of the natural environment (loss of habitat) or the use of modern cultivars. Worldwide deforestation leads to the decline or even loss of many of the important wild relatives of fruit, nut or industrial plants. Overgrazing and the resulting desertification endanger wild relatives of grain, especially in dry or semi-arid areas.

The growing industrialization of agriculture is also drastically reducing the occurrence of CWR within traditional agricultural ecosystems.

The conservation and sustainable use of CWR is an essential step towards improving global food security and thus reducing poverty, but also towards maintaining the balance of the environment.

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  1. ↑ Bioversity International (ed.): Crop wild relatives . Bioversity International, Rome 2006.
  2. ↑ FAO (ed.): The State of the World's Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture . FAO, Rome 1998; FAO (Ed.): Establishment of a global network for the in situ conservation of crop wild relatives. Status and needs . FAO, Rome 2008
  3. ^ A b N. Maxted, BV Ford-Lloyd and SP Kell: Crop wild relatives. Establishing the context . In: N. Maxted, BV Ford-Lloyd, SP Kell, J. Iriondo, E. Dulloo and J. Turok (eds.): Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use . CABI Publishing, Wallingford 2008, pp. 3-30.
  4. ^ NI Vavilov: Studies in the origin of cultivated plants. Institute of Applied Botany and Plant Breeding, Leningrad 1926.
  5. ^ R. Hajjar and T. Hodgkin: The use of wild relatives in crop improvement. A survey of developments over the last 20 years . In: Euphytica . Volume 156, 2007, pp. 1-13.
  6. ^ N. Maxted, BV Ford-Lloyd, SL Jury, SP Kell and MA Scholten: Towards a definition of a crop wild relative . In: Biodiversity and Conservation . Volume 15, No. 8, 2006, pp. 2673-2685.
  7. ↑ JG Hawkes, N. Maxted and BV Ford-Lloyd: The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources . Kluwer, Dordrecht 2000, pp. 1-250.
  8. ↑ VH Heywood and ME Dulloo: In Situ Conservation of Wild Plant Species - A Critical Global Review of Good Practices . IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 11. IPGRI, Rome 2006; E. Hoyt: Conserving the Wild Relatives of Crops . IBPGR, IUCN, WWF, Rome 1988; BA Meilleur and T. Hodgkin: In situ conservation of crop wild relatives . In: Biodiversity and Conservation . Volume 13, 2004, pp. 663-684.
  9. ^ SD Tanksley and SR McCouch: Seed banks and molecular maps. Unlocking genetic potential from the wild . In: Science . Volume 277, 1997, pp. 1063-1066.