doo

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doo (also doo. ) is the abbreviation for the type of company limited liability company in several countries in Southeastern Europe, which was introduced in Yugoslavia in 1988 . It will be continued in the successor states under changed conditions.

Meaning of the abbreviation

The abbreviation is written out like this:

  • Bosnia and Herzegovina : Društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću
  • Croatia : Društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću
  • Montenegro : Društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću
  • North Macedonia : Društvo so ograničena odgovornost
  • Serbia : Društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću
  • Slovenia : Družba z omejeno odgovornostjo

The meaning corresponds literally to the German term company with limited liability .

history

The doo was introduced through the zakon o poduzećima (Law on Companies), which the Yugoslav Federal Parliament passed on December 29, 1988. Among other things, the law was intended to facilitate foreign investments in Yugoslavia (which had existed since 1967) by creating various forms of private companies (which were not subject to the rules of workers' self-government), including the public limited company (dd) and the GmbH ( doo). Employee participation was required. Only a rough framework was regulated for the doo, the details had to be specified in the respective founding document.

This law was in effect in the successor states of Yugoslavia until revised laws were passed, all of which contain more detailed regulations. The new regulations for doo were determined by the following laws:

  • Slovenia: zakon o gospodarskih družbah (Law on Business Companies , 1993, amended several times since)
  • Croatia: zakon o trgovačkim društvima (Law on Commercial Companies, adopted in 1993, entered into force on January 1, 1995)
  • Federal Republic of Yugoslavia : zakon o preduzećima (Law on Enterprises, 1996)

literature

Yugoslavia

  • Monika Beckmann-Petey: New company and investment law in Yugoslavia , in: Law of the international economy. Vol. 35.1989, pp. 271-278.
  • Stefan Pürner: The GmbH as a newly created form of foreign investment in Yugoslavia. Preconditions, legal regulations, legal problems; a contribution to economic East-West cooperation in the upheaval phase. Dissertation University of Regensburg 1991.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Stefan Pürner: Legal framework for founding a GmbH with foreign participation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. in: International Tax Law. Vol. 6.1997, No. 3, pp. 92-95, ISSN  0942-6744 .

Croatia

  • Stefan Pürner: GmbH law in Croatia. in: Law of the international economy. Vol. 44, 1998, No. 9, pp. 700-706, ISSN  0340-7926 .

Serbia

  • Stefan Pürner: Foundation of a GmbH with foreign participation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. in: WiRO (Economy and Law in Eastern Europe). 10/2001, Issue 2, pp. 42-47, ISSN  0941-6293 .
  • Predrag Maksimović: Capital protection in European, Serbian and German law of limited liability company. 2007, ISBN 978-3-631-56601-5 , (dissertation University of Freiburg).
  • Wolfgang Tiede, Christoph Ryczewski: Introduction to the law of a limited liability company in the Republic of Serbia - from the establishment to the liquidation of a GmbH. in WiRO (Economics and Law in Eastern Europe). Issue 5, 2012, pp. 140-145.

Slovenia

  • Stefan Pürner: Legal framework for founding a GmbH with foreign participation in the Republic of Slovenia. in: International Tax Law. Vol. 6.1997, issue 15, pp. 471ff, ISSN  0942-6744 .
  • Susanne Kalss (Ed.): Formation of statutes in the GmbH - possibilities and limits: Austria, Italy and Slovenia. 2005, ISBN 3-7073-0865-0 .
  • Marijan Kocbek, Saša Prelič (eds.): Zakon o gospodarskih družbah z novelo ZGD-1C z uvodnimi pojasnili. 2009, ISBN 978-961-247-110-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Text of the law on business companies on uradni-list.si (Slovenian)
  2. ↑ Text of the law on trading companies on narodne-novine.nn.hr (Croatian)