Dedicated short range communication
DSRC is an abbreviation for D edicated S hort R ange C ommunication . and concerns the communication between vehicles without the involvement of the driver. DSRC is a variant of Car2x . The other is not concerned with short distances, but allows vehicles to exchange data with each other over a wide area.
DSRC is available in three forms:
- the European version according to the standards of CEN and ETSI , this is DSRC in the narrower sense;
- the American version as the basis of the WAVE protocol stack ;
- the Japanese version.
The European DSRC is a semi-passive transponder technology with a very small communication zone, which in Europe represents the de facto standard for electronic toll collection. DSRC has also been implemented outside of Europe as a national standard for toll collection and access control.
WAVE is a radio technology for a so-called vehicle ad hoc network (VANET, Vehicular Adhoc NETworking). This is an automatic vehicle-to-vehicle or vehicle-to- beacon communication. Beacons are transmitting stations on the roadside.
The decisive factor in this technology is the ability to identify each vehicle in communication and to assign each link to exactly one vehicle or a vehicle pair or tuple in the same lane. The former is used, for example, for toll collection . The latter is important for collision avoidance
Applications
The vehicle-to-vehicle communication to the collision avoidance are used.
With the vehicle beacon communication, traffic jam reports and navigation data can be transmitted. Mobile news and entertainment services are also conceivable. A key application, however, is toll collection (e.g. in Italy, Austria and France).
The company EFKON implemented DSRC based on infrared for the German toll . Second generation digital tachographs (since June 2019) have a DSRC interface. This enables a controlling authority to read out certain data without having to stop the vehicle.
Cooperative applications for collision prevention are not yet operational or marketable.
Standardization and regulation
The European standard EN 12253 for µWave-DSRC of the CEN TC278 working group specifies 5.8 GHz in the ISM band with max. 2 watt transmission power EIRP for toll payment.
In October 1999 the US Federal Communications Commission specified a bandwidth of 75 MHz for DSRC in the frequency range around 5.9 GHz. In 2008, the ETSI EN 302 571 standard provided for a frequency range around 5.9 GHz in Europe as well.