Queen's Gambit
Queen's Gambit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Trains | 1. d2-d4 d7-d5 2. c2-c4 |
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ECO key | D06-D69 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Oldest source | Göttingen manuscript |
The Queen's Gambit is a frequently played chess opening from the group of closed games and classified under the ECO codes D06 to D69.
The main sequence of moves is:
- 1. d2-d4 d7-d5
- 2. c2-c4
The basic idea of the Queen's Gambit is to swap the white c-pawn for the somewhat stronger black d-pawn and use the following e2 – e4 to get a majority pawn in the center , which is considered cheap. The c4 pawn is unprotected and can be captured. White can win back the pawn if he wants. Despite the name, it is therefore not a real gambit ( pawn sacrifice ). The term ladies gambit refers to the women farmers (d-Bauer), while the symmetrical variant of the first e2-e4 e7-e5 2. f2-f4, the King's Gambit , (e-Bauer) is characterized by the train of King farmers and contains a real pawn sacrifice.
The following variants of the Queen's Gambit are popular:
- 2.… e7 – e6 ( Queen's Gambit rejected ) After 3. c4xd5 e6xd5 Black can keep a pawn on d5 and thus prevent the following e2 – e4. The disadvantage of the move is that the c8-bishop is blocked by the e6-pawn.
- 2.… c7 – c6 ( Slav Defense ) Here, too, Black can hit back with a pawn. The advantage is that bishop c8 is not blocked, but the later counterattack c6 – c5 is now associated with a loss of speed compared to c7 – c5 in the rejected Queen's Gambit.
- 2.… d5xc4 ( Queen's Gambit accepted )
- 2.… Nb8 – c6 ( Chigorin defense )
More rarely are played:
- 2.… e7 – e5 ( Albin's counter-gambit )
- 2.… c7 – c5 (symmetrical variant)
- 2.… Ng8 – f6 ( Marshall Defense )
- 2.… Bc8 – f5 ( Keres defense ) Tries to get around the problems of the blocked bishop in the rejected Queen's Gambit by developing the bishop first. The b7 pawn is no longer defended. The opening is considered advantageous for White.
Variants of the Queen's Gambit often arise in tournament practice by changing moves , for example when White starts with 1. d2 – d4 and 2. Ng1 – f3 and only lets 3. c2 – c4 follow later. On the other hand, Black can answer 1. d2 – d4 with 1.… Ng8 – f6 and later follow up with… c7 – c6 and… d7 – d5 or… e7 – e6 and… d7 – d5.
literature
- Luděk Pachman : The Queen's Gambit. 3rd, updated edition. Edition Olms, Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-283-00274-6 .
- Jerzy Konikowski : Modern Queen's Gambit played correctly. 2nd updated edition. Joachim Beyer Verlag, Hollfeld 2007, ISBN 978-3-88805-483-9 .