Duration line
A duration curve is the graphical representation of statistically equivalent individual observations (measured values) in the order of their size. With the help of duration lines, the frequency of falling below or exceeding the measured values in a certain period of time is described. A duration curve is created by sorting the measured values according to their size, usually starting with the smallest value, with the abscissa representing the time axis.
application
- Duration curves are in the hydrography and hydrology required wherever water levels and outflows for a service life, for example, to design of turbines in hydroelectric plants are decisive. Duration lines show how many days of a year ( discharge year or calendar year), individual discharges , river water or groundwater levels were undershot. This section of the abscissa is also referred to as the days below the limit. The respective measured values are created from the runoff and water level measurements at gauges and groundwater observation pipes . Duration curves can also be determined from the mean values of long-term discharge measurements. These show the frequency below and thus above the frequency of discharges as a long-term mean.
- In inland navigation , the duration curve is used to determine the days below the minimum fairway depth due to the lack of water in the river bed.
- In the transport sector, continuous lines of traffic volume are used to dimension transport facilities. Typed duration lines of traffic on motorways can be found, for example, in the recommendations for economic studies of roads .
See also
literature
- G. Steierwald, HD Künne, W. Vogt (Ed.): City traffic planning. Basics, methods, goals. 2., rework. and exp. Edition. Springer, Berlin 2005.
Web links
- Table of days when the Elbe fell below the limit 1998–2002 (PDF; 7.6 MB) Issued by the Magdeburg Waterways and Shipping Office.
- Days below the Rhine and Moselle 2011 issue of the Federal Institute for Hydrology