De Standaard (Netherlands)
De Standaard (German Der Standard ) was a supraregional Dutch daily newspaper with an editorial office in Amsterdam .
history
The first edition of De Standaard appeared on April 1, 1872. The founder and first editor-in-chief was Abraham Kuyper , who was also to found the Orthodox- Calvinist party ARP in 1879 and was Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1901 to 1905. Kuyper remained editor-in-chief of the newspaper until 1919 and wrote almost 8,000 comments during this time; he is considered the most important Dutch journalist of his time. As a party journalist for the ARP, De Standaard followed an anti- socialist and anti- liberal course, and Kuyper also expressed his anti-Semitic views in his newspaper . In addition, Kuyper was often absent from the editorial office for weeks and left the day-to-day business to his subordinates, until a few years before his death, however, he was de facto sole ruler in his paper.
The newspaper was divided into modern sections such as domestic, foreign and parliament and, true to its origins, also had a section for church news. Despite the newspaper's naturally anti-revolutionary stance, Kuyper had a Christian social self-image and supported universal suffrage. In 1919 Kuyper's health deteriorated significantly, at the end of that year he was forced to relinquish the management of the editorial team to a six-person editorial committee. On April 1, 1922, Hendrikus Colijn , who had already been a member of this commission, officially succeeded Kuyper and kept the editor-in-chief until February 4, 1941, with one interruption during his time as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1933 to 1939, when he resigned to protest that NSB journalist Max Blokzijl was forced to act as editor-in-chief. Colijn had previously clashed with the German occupiers, denying a claim that the Netherlands had made a pact with France and Britain against Germany , after which De Standaard was banned for eight weeks. Colijn hoped that with his resignation he would be able to secure the continued existence of the paper through the war until the time after the liberation.
Shortly after the previous editor-in-chief Taeke Cnossen took over the reign of Colijn, De Standaard was wrested from its background by the June 30, 1941 ban on ARP. Despite a call by the anti-revolutionary underground newspaper Trouw to cancel all subscriptions, the circulation even increased despite the aforementioned adversities. In 1943, Cnossen was finally fired after some conflicts over the takeover of articles and captions. The last editor-in-chief H. Burger, previously the newspaper's art editor, was only granted a short time; due to the shortage of paper, De Standaard could only appear as a weekly newspaper from the beginning of 1944 and ceased publication on December 15, 1944.
Since the newspaper was still published after 1942, it was regarded as a collaboration newspaper and, like all other newspapers of this type, would have been subject to a temporary ban on reprinting. While other newspapers affected by the publication ban came out again later and in some cases had circumvented this ban by temporarily changing their name, De Standaard agreed with Trouw in September 1945 that they would no longer seek a new publication in favor of the latter. At that time Trouw had been using De Standaard's printing house for several months .
De Standaard was never one of the highest-circulation newspapers in the Netherlands, until the First World War it never had more than 6,000 subscribers, and in 1943 it had a circulation of around 34,000 copies. Its importance stems from Kuyper's work as a journalist, its function as the mouthpiece of the ARP and the greatest possible connection to parliament, which it had because two of its editors-in-chief were Prime Minister of the Netherlands.
Editors-in-chief
| Abraham Kuyper | 1872-1919 |
| Hendrikus Colijn | 1922-1933 1939-1941 |
| Taeke Cnossen | 1941-1943 |
| H. Burger | 1944 |
Edition development
| De Standaard | ||||||||
| year | 1882 | 1912/ 1913 |
1917/ 1918 |
1937 | 1939 | Dec 1940 |
July 1943 |
March 1944 |
| Copy. | 2,500 | 3,644 | 11,500 | 24,000 | 26,685 | 26,240 | 34.091 | 19,325 |
literature
- Jan van de Plasse: Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers / seed gesteld by Jan van de Plasse. Red. Wim Verbei , Otto Cramwinckel Uitgever, Amsterdam 2005, ISBN 90-75727-77-1 . (Dutch; earlier edition: Jan van de Plasse, Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagbladpers , Cramwinckel, Amsterdam 1999, ISBN 90-75727-25-9 .)
- Piet Hagen: Journalists in Nederland. Een Persgeschiedenis in portraits. Uitgeverij De Arbeiderspers, Amsterdam / Antwerp 2002. ISBN 90-295-2222-4 .
- Peter Bak, George Harinck, Roel Kuiper: De Antirevolutionaire Partij 1829–1980 , Verloren, Hilversum 2001. ISBN 90-6550-664-0 .