Decane

The Decane are a group of substances from the group of alkanes . It consists of 75 constitutionally isomeric compounds with the empirical formula C ₁₀ H ₂₂ . Some of these constitutional isomers have one or more stereocenters , so that 61 configurational isomers are added. The linear representative is n -decane .

The following table gives an overview of all constitutionally isomeric decanes, grouped according to the number of carbon atoms in the main chain or according to the substituents :

Substituents	Number of carbon atoms in the main chain
	10	9	8th	7th	6th	5
---	n -decane
methyl		2-methylnonane 3-methylnonane 4-methylnonane 5-methylnonane	2,2-Dimethyloctane 2,3-Dimethyloctane 2,4-Dimethyloctane 2,5-Dimethyloctane 2,6-Dimethyloctane 2,7-Dimethyloctane 3,3-Dimethyloctane 3,4-Dimethyloctane 3,5-Dimethyloctane 3,6-Dimethyloctane 4,4-dimethyloctane 4,5-dimethyloctane	2,2,3-trimethylheptane 2,2,4-trimethylheptane 2,2,5-trimethylheptane 2,2,6-trimethylheptane 2,3,3-trimethylheptane 2,3,4-trimethylheptane 2,3,5-trimethylheptane 2 , 3,6-trimethylheptane 2,4,4-trimethylheptane 2,4,5-trimethylheptane 2,4,6-trimethylheptane 2,5,5-trimethylheptane 3,3,4-trimethylheptane 3,3,5-trimethylheptane 3, 4,4-trimethylheptane 3,4,5-trimethylheptane	2,2,3,3-tetramethylhexane 2,2,3,4-tetramethylhexane 2,2,3,5-tetramethylhexane 2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexane 2,2,4,5-tetramethylhexane 2,2.5 , 5-tetramethylhexane 2,3,3,4-tetramethylhexane 2,3,3,5-tetramethylhexane 2,3,4,4-tetramethylhexane 2,3,4,5-tetramethylhexane 3,3,4,4-tetramethylhexane	2,2,3,3,4-pentamethylpentane 2,2,3,4,4-pentamethylpentane
Ethyl			3-Ethyloctane 4-Ethyloctane		3,3-diethylhexane 3,4-diethylhexane
Ethyl and methyl				3-ethyl-2-methylheptane 3-ethyl-3-methylheptane 3-ethyl-4-methylheptane 3-ethyl-5-methylheptane 4-ethyl-2-methylheptane 4-ethyl-3-methylheptane 4-ethyl-4-methylheptane 5 -Ethyl-2-methylheptane	3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylhexane 3-ethyl-3,4-dimethylhexane 4-ethyl-2 , 2-dimethylhexane, 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylhexane, 4-ethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane, 4-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhexane	3-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylpentane 3-ethyl-2,2,4-trimethylpentane 3-ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylpentane 3,3-diethyl-2-methylpentane
Propyl				4-propylheptane
1-methylethyl (= isopropyl)				4- (1-methylethyl) heptane
Methyl and 1-methylethyl (= isopropyl)					2-methyl-3- (1-methylethyl) hexane	2,4-dimethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) pentane

The shortest possible main chain has 5 carbon atoms (pentane). To get from 4 carbon atoms as the main chain (butane) to a decane, z. B. 6 methyl groups required as substituents. But if you try to attach more than 4 methyl groups or even an ethyl group to a butane base, you automatically extend the main chain.

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