Deconfinement

This article was registered in the quality assurance of the physics editorial team . If you are familiar with the topic, you are welcome to participate in the review and possible improvement of the article. The exchange of views about this is currently not taking place on the article discussion page , but on the quality assurance side of physics.

In physics, deconfinement (in contrast to confinement ) is a phase of matter in which certain particles are allowed to exist as free excitations and not only in bound states.

Examples

In the particle and the Condensed Matter Physics , there are several examples of gauge theories that a transition between a trapped ( confined ) and a free ( deco fined ) phase have.

The first and best-known example is quantum chromodynamics , according to which quarks and other particles with a color charge are enclosed in color-neutral combinations such as hadrons or mesons at low energy densities ( confinement ), but can move almost freely over distances greater than that at high energy densities Size of a hadron (a femtometer). This unbound (quasi-free) phase is also known as quark-gluon plasma .

In condensed matter physics, confinement and deconfinement are mainly discussed in "low-dimensional systems", that is, those in which the movement of the components is restricted to one or two spatial directions. A prominent example is the " spin-charge separation ". The electron is seen as a bound state of a spinon and a chargon , which can move freely under certain conditions.

See also

• Quark Nova

literature

• Martin Lütgemeier: Phase transitions in QCD with fundamental and adjoint quarks. (PDF; 1 MB) Dissertation, Bielefeld University. November 24, 1998. Retrieved November 21, 2019 . 
• Klaus Reygers: The search for the quark-gluon plasma with the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. (PDF; 5.6 MB) Habilitation thesis, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster. 2004, accessed November 21, 2019 . 
• Jan Philip Heffner: Hamilton approach to the deconfinement phase transition of the Yang-Mills theory. (PDF; 1.8 MB) Dissertation, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. 2015, accessed November 21, 2019 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Volker Eckardt, Norbert Schmitz, Peter Seyboth: On the trail of the artificial big bang . In: Physics in Our Time . tape 36 , no. 3 , 2005, p. 126 , doi : 10.1002 / piuz.200501071 .
2. ↑ Thierry Giamarchi: Quantum Phase Transitions in quasi-one dimensional systems . In: Lincoln D. Carr (Ed.): Understanding Quantum Phase Transitions . CRC Press / Taylor & Francis, 2010, doi : 10.1201 / b10273-15 , arxiv : 1007.1029 (English).
3. ↑ Chong Wang, Adam Nahum, Max A. Metlitski, Cenke Xu, T. Senthil: Deconfined Quantum Critical Points: Symmetries and Dualities . In: Phys. Rev. X . tape 7 , 2017, p. 031051 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevX.7.031051 (English).
4. ↑ Jayadev Vijayan, Pimonpan Sompet, Guillaume Salomon, Joannis Koepsell, Sarah Hirthe, Annabelle Bohrdt, Fabian Grusdt, Immanuel Bloch, Christian Gross: Time-Resolved Observation of Spin-Charge Deconfinement in Fermionic Hubbard Chains . In: Science . tape 367 , 2020, p. 186 , doi : 10.1126 / science.aay2354 , arxiv : 1905.13638 (English).