Deglobalization

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The term deglobalization describes an economic policy of states or alliances of states that distance themselves from further world market integration . Deglobalization is also seen as a strategy of green socialism, along with decentralization and localization expected by a new mosaic left. One of the aims is to reduce the gap between investment income and earned income. According to Walden Bello's approach , globalization is not understood as an irreversible process. After Bello, economic activity is to be brought back to the local and regional level.

In order to achieve various political goals, non-compliance with the WTO rules is necessary. B. to promote independent economic power through capital controls , protectionism for domestic industries and targeted subsidies . As an example, advocates of deglobalization often point to the Asian tiger states , which followed this strategy and thus rose from developing countries to industrialized countries . Economic decisions should not be based on market logic , but on fairness , solidarity and security .

While for these states the step towards deglobalization primarily benefited the promotion of an independent economy, nowadays another important aspect is also included. As a result of globalization , states are practically being forced to take a step towards deglobalization. Economic and social ties are broken on a global level in order to protect one's own state. This is associated with significant costs, the effects of which are reflected in various sectors. In the course of deglobalization, production figures, employment, world trade , foreign investments and cross-border mobility are falling sharply.

Already in the past, as between 1914 and 1915, there were interruptions in globalization, which have been described as deglobalization.

Deglobalization processes

One of the processes of deglobalization is trade protectionism. It includes, for example, economic policy interventions such as the imposition of stimulus packages, subsidizing one's own economy or raising import tariffs. The latter is particularly common in emerging and developing countries, whose domestic demand is low and where unemployment is high. Due to the relatively low domestic production costs, imports are often avoided. If several countries pursue this strategy in the same period of time, this leads to a decline in world trade and thus to a decline in production and employment. However, there is also the opinion that deglobalization does not require a "relapse into small states with high protective tariffs against everything and everyone".

Protectionism also includes economic nationalism, in which domestically produced goods and domestic employment become more attractive, for example through subsidies. As a result, investments abroad are reduced, often at the expense of companies based abroad, whose trade is severely impaired as a result. The progressive segmentation of the world market in EU, NAFTA or MERCOSUR is also seen as a tendency towards deglobalization, which contributes to the reduction of current account imbalances and the fixation on exports.

Financial protectionism is also a process of deglobalization. It includes rescue plans for mainly domestic banks, so that the flow of capital abroad decreases. If one considers the increasing currency competition against this background, the deglobalization and its effects become tangible: The countries try to keep the value of their currencies low through expansive monetary policy in order to make their export goods more attractive. Since not just one country but several countries pursue this monetary policy in order to be able to remain competitive, the nominal value of the currencies remains the same, but the real value decreases. This leads to massive inflation and a drop in purchasing power.

literature

  • Bello, Walden : De-globalization. Resistance to the new world order. , Hamburg 2005.
  • Niggli, Peter: After globalization. Development Policy in the 21st Century. , Zurich 2004.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Green Socialism. In: Luxemburg 3/2012. 2012, accessed August 20, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Urban: The mosaic left . In: Sheets for German and international politics . S. 71–78 ( blaetter.de [accessed August 20, 2015]).
  3. ^ Mosaic left as a nurse of capitalism? | akl. In: www.antikapitalistische-linke.de. Retrieved August 20, 2015 .
  4. ^ Transformation in Capitalism and Beyond. In: Contributions to the first transformation conference, from page 143. Michael Brie, Mario Candeias, 2011, accessed on August 20, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Günther Moewes: A slightly different report on the overall economic situation. In: Zeitschrift Humanwirtschaft 02/2006, p. 15. 2006, accessed on August 20, 2015 .
  6. ^ Hermann Mückler: State, Migration, Globalization in Cultural and Social Anthropology. Page 7, 2011, archived from the original on November 23, 2015 ; Retrieved August 20, 2015 .
  7. ↑ David Koch: A world without growth is possible. In: Bachelor thesis, from page 24. 2012, accessed on August 20, 2015 .
  8. ^ Hans Schäppi: Crisis of the financial market capitalism. In: Contradiction 55/08, page 25, 2008, accessed on August 20, 2015 .
  9. ^ Rainer Falk: Deglobalization: Ghost or Danger? 2009, accessed August 20, 2015 .
  10. ↑ Column: The risk of deglobalization - manager magazin. Retrieved August 20, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Natalie Lorenz, Michael Bachlechner: What is globalization? In: Historia Scribere, page 12, 2010, accessed August 20, 2015 .
  12. ↑ C. Methmann, A. Haack and J. Eisgruber: Who does heaven belong to? In: Attac Basistexte 26, page 84. 2007, accessed on August 20, 2015 .
  13. ^ Christoph Butterwegge: Globalization, neoliberalism and (elite) education. Retrieved August 20, 2015 .
  14. ↑ Mario Candeias: A questionable world champion: Germany exports unemployment. In: Standpunkte 14/2010. 2010, accessed August 20, 2015 .
  15. ↑ Banking systems: «Deglobalization» as a result of the financial and debt crisis. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Retrieved August 20, 2015 .