Desmodromic training
The desmodromic training (from the Greek of desmos ( δεσμός , “band, fetter”) and dromos ( δρόμος , “way”), meaning “controlled movement”) is a training variant in health training and also in weight training that has a significantly increased eccentric Load begins and thereby promotes the increased development of a fast muscle phenotype .
Training concept
The maximum voluntary force development is greater with the eccentric muscle action than during the concentric muscle action. However, with conventional strength training, which works with the same absolute load for both actions (e.g. using weights, dumbbells or own weight), the relative proportion of the eccentric load is always lower than that of the concentric load. The basis of the desmodromic concept is therefore a constant alternation of concentric and eccentric force work, in which the eccentric part works with a higher absolute force than the concentric part. This results in exceptionally high training stimuli. Since this asymmetry between the positive and negative dynamic force cannot be achieved using dumbbells or one's own weight without the intensive involvement of a helper, computer-controlled machines are usually used.
The short training units (approx. 30 to 60 seconds per exercise) on the individual devices are ideally carried out until the point of local exhaustion. The aim is to use up all of the muscular ATP reserves.
development
The concept was developed in 1983 by J. Schnell and L. Spitz. Since the availability of appropriate training equipment in studios since around 2008, the concept has also been increasingly used by recreational athletes, typically in the form of circuit training with up to 15 stations.
Physiological effect
The special and particularly intense stimulus pattern of the training promotes rapid hypertrophy and the formation of a faster muscle phenotype. In studies, increases in the concentration of the mRNA of MHC IIa and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A were observed, as well as an increase in the anaerobically lactic energy supply.
literature
- J. Schnell, L. Spitz: Desmodromic muscle training. In: M. Bührle (Hrsg.): Basics of maximum and speed strength training . Hofmann Verlag, Schorndorf 1985, ISBN 3-7780-8561-1 , pp. 233-236.
- Jürgen Weineck: Sports biology. 10th edition, Spitta-Verlag, Balingen 2010, ISBN 3-938509-25-2 , p. 374 ff.
- PV Komi, JT Vitasalo: Changes in motor unit activity and metabolism in human skeletal muscle during and after repeated eccentric and concentric contractions . In: Acta Physiol Scand 100, 1977, pp. 246-254, PMID 888714
- Birgit Friedmann: Recent developments in strength training. Muscular adaptation reactions to various strength training methods . In: German Journal for Sports Medicine , Volume 58, No. 1, 2007, ( PDF ; 159 kB)
- B. Friedmann, R. Kinscherf, S. Vorwald, H. Müller, K. Kucera, S. Borisch, G. Richter, P. Bärtsch, Billeter: Muscular adaptations to computer-guided strength training with eccentric overload . In: Acta Physiol Scand. , 2004 Sep, 182 (1), pp. 77-88, PMID 15329060 .
- Birgit Friedmann-Bette, Timm Bauer, Ralf Kinscherf, Silke Vorwald, Konstanze Klute, Dirk Bischoff, Helmut Müller, Marc-André Weber, Jürgen Metz, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Peter Bärtsch, Rudolf Billeter: Effects of strength training with eccentric overload on muscle adaptation in male athletes . In: European Journal of Applied Physiology , March 2010, Volume 108, Issue 4, pp. 821-836, doi : 10.1007 / s00421-009-1292-2 .