Circuit training
When circuit training (including circuit training , Circle training or circuit training, short- CT is called) a special method of fitness training must be completed in sequence in the different stations. Circuit training focuses on strength , endurance , agility or speed, depending on the execution modality . The stations are arranged in a circle. A specific exercise must be completed at each station.
The exercises are generally designed in such a way that different muscle groups are loaded during successive exercises, so that the unloaded muscles can easily regenerate for other body regions during the exercises.
development
The circuit training was developed in 1952 and 1953 by the Englishmen Morgan and Adamson at the University of Leeds . It comprised 24 precisely defined exercises (cf. Klee 2008), some of which are still included in the corresponding exercise collections today (pull-ups, push-ups, elbow-ups or pushing on the parallel bars, climbing onto a bench, stretching jumps). However, other exercises have disappeared from the canon of circuit exercises or have been modified because equipment is required that is not available in German sports halls (ladder climbing: the rope ladder is climbed, weight-pulling exercise on the wall apparatus). The five exercises that were performed with a dumbbell are rarely found, while the three exercises with dumbbells and the exercise with the hand roller are still occasionally suggested today. It is noticeable that the 24 exercises only contained one abdominal muscle exercise, which from today's perspective should no longer be performed: "Sit up from the supine position: from the supine position, hands on the thighs, straighten up to the seat".
Name in German
In Germany, CT was widely used in the standard works by Jonath (1961), von Dassel and Haag (1969) and von Scholich (1972). It had previously been presented in a demonstration at the Sport University Cologne in 1958 (Jonath 1977, 175). Both Jonath and Dassel and Haag decided to adopt the English term circuit training, while Scholich chose the terms circuit training and operation. In addition to the term circuit training (Bauer 1997, Gerisch 1990, Lechmann 1991, Stemper & Wastl, 1994), the term circuit training can also be found in the literature (Brockmann 1998, Heldt 1998, Langhoff 1996, Preusse & Horn, 1999, Rühl 1996, Schneider 1993), although the linguists had reservations about the translation of the English “circuit” with the German term “Zirkel” (Jonath 1977, 43). The term “circle training or operation”, on the other hand, is rarely found in more recent publications (e.g. in Steinmann & Haupt, 1995), the title of Scholich's current publication is “Circle Training” (1991).
Further developments
The most obvious changes to the original CT in the three standard works by Jonath (1961), von Dassel and Haag (1969) and von Scholich (1972) consisted in a strong expansion of the canon of exercises and in the compilation of the exercises into a large number of Cts. The focus was on the orientation towards the sports, but Cts were also compiled for young people, for women, for special school gymnastics and for the Bundeswehr (Jonath 1977). Based on the definition, Dassel and Haag recognized that "circuit training is characterized by the successive sequence of different training stations arranged in one or more rounds, the combination of which should enable a specific training goal to be achieved" (1979, p. 13) in the CT a form of organization that was also suitable for practicing and training movement skills and put together CTS for training basic ball skills for the sports of soccer, handball, volleyball and basketball. What all Cts have in common, and this is the decisive advantage of the CT as an organizational form, is that “a large number of athletes in a relatively small space with rational use of the existing training equipment and conditions ([…] exercise equipment […]) […] in a fast Practice alternating one after the other ”(Scholich 1991, 9 f).
See also
literature
- Andreas Klee: Circuit training and fitness gymnastics . 4th edition. Hofmann, Schorndorf 2008, ISBN 978-3-7780-0043-4 .
- Ulrich Jonath: Circuit Training: Fitness training f. Association u. School . Bartels & Wernitz, Berlin-Charlottenburg 1961.
- Hans Dassel, Herbert Haag: Fitness training for young people . Hofmann, Schorndorf 1969.
- Scholich, Manfred: Circle training . 3. Edition. Sportverlag, Berlin 1972.
- Ulrich Jonath: Circuit training: fitness training for schools and clubs, Bundeswehr etc. Police . 7th edition. Bartels & Wernitz, Berlin-Charlottenburg 1977, ISBN 3-87039-919-8 .
- Scholich, Manfred: Circle training . Sportverlag, Berlin. 1991, ISBN 3-328-00458-0 .