Strength (sport)

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Katharina Brumbach picks up three men

Force refers to the ability of the nerve-muscle system to overcome resistance (concentric work), to counteract it (eccentric work) or to hold it against gravity (static work) through muscle contraction . These forces are actually forces in the physical sense . A distinction is made between maximum strength , rapid strength , reactive strength and strength endurance . Physical strength can be increased through exercise; weightlifting is especially used for this . The strength of an athlete depends on the distribution of the FT and ST phasers, the muscle cross-section, the technique, motivation or willpower, the inter- and intramuscular coordination ability and the provision of energy. The strength can be assigned to the conditional ability.

Types of force

  • The maximum force describes the greatest possible contraction that the nervous-muscle system can arbitrarily exert against resistance. It depends on the cross-section of the muscles and the degree of coordination within and between the muscles involved. Since all other types of force depend on it, it is also referred to as the base force.
  • The absolute force is the sum of the maximum force and the force reserves. These power reserves can only be mobilized in the event of severe danger, such as mortal danger. With untrained people the power reserves are approx. 30%, with trained people up to 10%.
  • The explosive strength is the ability of a muscle to produce the highest possible force in the shortest possible time to overcome resistance. It is required, for example, in sports that require the athlete to react quickly, such as tennis or boxing . It depends on the maximum force, explosive force and starting force.
  • Strength endurance is the ability to perform work over a longer period of time and to compensate for the resulting fatigue of the muscles. Recurring resistance must be overcome several times in a certain period of time. In addition to the muscle, it also depends heavily on the condition of the cardiovascular system .
  • The rapid strength endurance is the fatigue resistance against irregular, repetitive, short, fast movements.

literature

  • Manfred Grosser, Stephan Starischka, Elke Zimmermann: The new fitness training: for all types of sport, for children, young people and active people. FSVO Sportwissen, 2004 ( online )
  • J. Weineck: Optimal training: performance-physiological training theory with special consideration of children and youth training. Spitta Verlag, Erlangen 2004, from p. 236 ( online )
  • JC Cordes, W. Arnold, B. Zeibig: Physiotherapy: Basics and techniques of movement therapy. Springer Verlag, 2013, p. 178 ( online )
  • K. Knauth, B. Reiners, R. Huhn: Physiotherapeutic recipe book: Suggestions for physiotherapeutic prescriptions. Verlag Gesundheit GmbH, 5th edition Berlin 1991, p. 85 f. ( online )

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