Reactive force

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As a reactive force , the force is called, which is necessary to perform reactive movements. Reactive force training is also known as plyometric training.

Special features of reactive movements

Reactive movements are characterized by the muscles working in quick succession, yielding (eccentric) and then overcoming (concentric). During the eccentric phase of reactive movements, the teno-muscular system is able to store kinetic energy in the serial and parallel elastic structures. In the subsequent concentric phase, the stored energy can be released and there is an increase in strength and power compared to a concentric contraction without a previous eccentric. By increased bias, z. B. by jumping deep on an inclined plane, it is possible to achieve an even greater bias and thus even better performance, since the heel lands lower than the forefoot. It also became clear through EMG measurements that this increase in performance does not come about through more muscle strength, but through the stretching reflex of the tendons and connective tissue as well as neuromuscular coordination. As a result of this training, even better jumping performance is possible. In the high jump of athletics, this effect was used with the catapult shoe, because here the forefoot was significantly higher than the heel when jumping.

Performance-determining factors

The reactive force therefore depends primarily on both neuromuscular factors and the elasticity of tendinous structures. The basis for increased performance in reactive movements is the stretch-shortening cycle, which activates muscle spindles .

Examples

Forms of movement such as jumps, sprints and throws usually have a reactive character.

See also

Stretch-Shorten Cycle , Kinetic Energy , Sprint , Muscle Spindle

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ TM Kannas, E. Kellis, IA Amiridis: Biomechanical differences between incline and plane hopping. In: J. Strength Cond. Res. 25 (12), 2011, pp. 3334-3341.
  2. ↑ Arnd Krüger : Plyometry on an inclined plane. In: competitive sport . 5, 2012, p. 33.

literature

PV Komi (Ed.): Stretch-shortening cycle. In strength and power in sport. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

Web links

Dissertation Dr. Julian Bergmann: http://www.akademie-sport-gesundheit.de/dissertation-julian-bergmann.html