Determination (logic)
The term determination (from the Latin determinatio "demarcation") simply means "determination" and is used in a more technically specific manner in different philosophical contexts.
In ancient and medieval grammar, for example, determinatio describes the grammatical correction that takes place through a linguistic expression or a property of the same .
In medieval scholasticism , determinatio describes the decision of a dispute that has been submitted for itself (see quaestiones disputatae , quaestiones quodlibetales ).
In traditional logic from antiquity to the 19th century, determinatio describes the definition of a thing or a term . On the one hand, this can be done positively by specifying essential features, which reduce the generality of the particular. If this takes place in accordance with the ontological hierarchy of genera and species, then superordinate terms are narrowed down by specifying species-specific differences (e.g. a substance - an animated substance - an animated animate substance - an animated animate substance gifted with reason): the intention , mostly understood as a set of conceptual components, is further expanded, the extension, the set of individuals that can be designated by the concept, is reduced. Determination is thus a reversal of abstraction .
From the 12th century onwards, a provision was simply distinguished from a provision under one particular aspect. The confusion of both aspects is a common logical conclusion error.
Conversely, for many semantics, a thing or a term can also be defined in more detail or differentiated from others by specifying which provisions do not apply in each case . Spinoza advocated the thesis that determinations are partly made by such negations, which is expressed in the word that was said after Spinoza: determinatio negatio est. Factually, however, this information is misleading to false, since within Spinoza's philosophy only modes are defined negatively, the substance as an attribute, however, has a purely positive definition. Hegel made Spinoza's reduction to a purely negative thought of determinateness popular, especially with his lectures on the history of philosophy. Hegel, however, is the one of the two who is closer to the expression omnis determinatio est negatio , while Spinoza could accept this view for modes, but on the level of attributes would have to formulate the following sentence: omnis determinatio est positio.
In the logic of supposition , the suppositio determinata denotes a case composed as follows: a term stands for a totality, whereby the sentence can be transformed into a disjunction (or connection) in which the individual elements are enumerated.
Web links
- Logical abstraction and logical determination from Immanuel Kant : Logic - a handbook for lectures . Königsberg 1800.on textlog.de
- Determination in Rudolf Eisler : Dictionary of Philosophical Terms . 1904.on textlog.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zeno: full text philosophy: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: works in twenty volumes. Volume 20, Frankfurt am ... Retrieved April 21, 2020 .