Deuchel (metallurgy)

Deuchel or Deucheleisen (also Deichel , Deyel or Deihel called) is formed during the heating of the billet in the well fire. The Deucheleisen is first mentioned in 1387. The black plate industry in Upper Palatinate was based on this iron product .

By reheating the shell, the outer layer, the "wall bark", melts and liquid Deucheleisen is formed, which collects in the bottom of the corrugated hearth. In the well hearth, 20% drawbars and 80% bars or rods formed. This "zwieschmelzen" Deuchel was particularly pure and soft and was suitable for the production of finer types of iron, such as wire and thin sheet metal. The Deuchel that accumulates in the Wellherd was called “rough Deuchel” and forged into rod-shaped iron, the so-called “Knitteldeichel”. This product mostly went to tin hammers . The Knitteldeichel was also specially marked with the "Daichel mark".

The tin hammers subjected the Knitteldeuchel to a special freshness process . The Deuchel was melted down again with "Synter" (presumably hammer blow ) and later with old iron and processed into black sheet metal. The Deucheleisen was also used as a starting product for the production of corrosion-resistant sheet metal, which was then tinned by the Amberger Zinnblechhandelsgesellschaft . Tinning began in the Nordgau around 1300; the tin deposits in the Fichtel Mountains and the iron deposits in the Upper Palatinate were the prerequisites for this.

The Deuchel was a sought-after commodity: in 1411 in Regensburg it was listed in the first place in the settlement of the Ungeld . Conrad Reich, Regensburg shipmaster, says: "What is good iron, they (the merchants) call Teuhel Eisen, so forged to rails and ... have to pay the sparrow 106 to 114 fl pounds in Regensburg". In Nuremberg, the iron dealers of the "zwigeschmolzenen zeug" formed their own branch, which traded with Deuchel rails and rods made from rough dykes. They obtained this property exclusively from the Upper Palatinate.

literature

Franz Michael Ress: The Upper Palatinate iron industry in the Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern era. Archives for the iron and steel industry, 1950, 21st volume, 205–215.

Web links

Individual evidence

^ Götschmann, Dirk: Upper Palatinate iron. Mining and iron industry in the 16th and 17th centuries. Edited by the Association of Friends and Sponsors of the Mining and Industry Museum in East Bavaria (= Volume 5 of the series of publications by the Mining and Industry Museum in East Bavaria), Theuern 1985, p. 68. ISBN 3 924350 05 1 .

^ Johannes Laschinger and Helmut Wolf: Hammereinungen . Historical lexicon of Bavaria

^ Negotiations of the Historical Association of the Upper Palatinate , Vol. 5, p. 361.

[1] Götschmann, Dirk: Upper Palatinate iron. Mining and iron industry in the 16th and 17th centuries. Edited by the Association of Friends and Sponsors of the Mining and Industry Museum in East Bavaria (= Volume 5 of the series of publications by the Mining and Industry Museum in East Bavaria), Theuern 1985, p. 68. ISBN 3 924350 05 1 .

[2] Johannes Laschinger and Helmut Wolf: Hammereinungen . Historical lexicon of Bavaria

[3] Negotiations of the Historical Association of the Upper Palatinate , Vol. 5, p. 361.