German-speaking emigration to Norway 1933–1945

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The German-speaking immigration to Norway 1933-1945 was due to the location of Norway in the European periphery and because of the widespread "strangers skepticism" in the country quantitatively of minor importance. Because of the international marginalization of its labor movement, Norway was not a preferred country of exile for refugees from National Socialist Germany . Well-known emigrants in exile in Norway were Willy Brandt and Wilhelm Reich .

There is no official information on the total number of German-speaking refugees, Lorenz estimates it to be a maximum of 2,000, including transit emigrants and illegals, with around 1,000 in the country at the time of the German attack on Norway on April 9, 1940 .

Preferential treatment for the politically organized

Refugees of Jewish faith were mostly viewed by the Norwegian administration as economic refugees and not as politically persecuted, and their entry was extremely cautious. The fear of the "Jewish invasion" and "ethnic disharmony" increased after the November pogroms in Germany in 1938 and the resulting growing number of asylum seekers. Nevertheless, after German troops marched into Czechoslovakia in March 1939, Nansenhilfe was able to obtain entry permits for 200 adults and 60 children from the Norwegian government.

Politically organized refugees, on the other hand, had relatively good opportunities for anti-fascist activities in Norway , despite some harassment by the immigration police . After April 9, 1940, the beginning of the German occupation of Norway , most of the politically organized fled to Sweden , while the majority of Jewish emigrants stayed in Norway. About half of them were arrested and deported in connection with the “Judenaktion” of the German occupying forces.

See also

literature

  • Einhart Lorenz: Norway. In: Claus-Dieter Krohn (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration 1933–1945. Special edition, 2nd, unchanged edition. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-534-21999-5 , pp. 333–336.
  • Einhart Lorenz (Ed.): A very gloomy chapter? Hitler refugees in Northern European exile 1933 to 1950. Results-Verlag, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-87916-044-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Einhart Lorenz: Norway. In: Claus-Dieter Krohn (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration 1933–1945. Special edition, 2nd, unchanged edition. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2008, pp. 333–336, here p. 333.
  2. ↑ See Einhart Lorenz: Norway. In: Claus-Dieter Krohn (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration 1933–1945. Special edition, 2nd, unchanged edition. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2008, pp. 333–336, here p. 334.
  3. ^ So Einhart Lorenz: Norway. In: Claus-Dieter Krohn (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration 1933–1945. Special edition, 2nd, unchanged edition. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2008, pp. 333–336, here p. 333.
  4. ↑ See Einhart Lorenz: Norway. In: Claus-Dieter Krohn (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration 1933–1945. Special edition, 2nd, unchanged edition. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2008, pp. 333–336, here p. 335.