Differential genus

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A differential genus occurs when the same word stem , i.e. without any additional affix , can be inflected into two or more genera in a language . It is the special case of stem inflection for common parts of speech.

Many Romance languages can inflect animated nouns in the masculine and feminine, e.g. Spanish amig + a 'girlfriend' and amig + o 'friend' to denote male and female individuals, while the common plural is mostly masculine- identical. In German, on the other hand , the mostly masculine basic word is moviert with nouns , e.g. B. Freund + in , adjectives , articles and pronouns inflect in all three genera, whereby they are partly identical in form.

Inflection of the companion in a noun phrase in German, masculine : neuter : feminine : plural

case		items								pronoun				Adjectives
		a +				d +				-A +				strong				mixed				weak
to you	Nom	↦	∅	e	↤	he	as	ie	↤	he	it	e	↤	⟵				he	it	e	en	↦	e	↤	en
	Acc	en				en				en				⟵				en				en
Obl	Date	↦	em	he	en	⟵				⟵				↦	em	he	en	↦	en	↤	↤	⟵
	gene	↦	it		↤	⟵				⟵				↦	en		↤					⟵

The Feminist Linguistics criticized the absence of a nominal differential genus in German as spachsystematische discrimination against women. The gender-equitable language therefore prefers substantiated adjectives and participles (i.e. from verb stems ) like the student instead of the student .