Dimitrana Ivanova

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Dimitrana Ivanova (1906)

Dimitrana Petrowa Iwanowa ( Bulgarian Димитрана Петрова Иванова, scientific transliteration Dimitrana Petrova Ivanova, born February 1, 1881 in Russe ; died May 29, 1960 in Sofia ) was a Bulgarian women's rights activist , teacher , educational reformer and journalist .

Life

Ivanova was born into the middle-class family of Stanka and Petar Drumewi. She graduated from the girls' high school in her hometown of Russia. At the age of 16 she went to Zurich , Switzerland, to study philosophy and education .

After her return, she worked as a teacher at girls' high schools in Popovo , Shumen , Pleven , Veliko Tarnovo and later in Ruse. From 1908 she was a member of the Добродетел ( Dobrodetel ) charity in Russe, where she was involved in women's education and culture. From 1908 to 1911 she was chairwoman of the association.

She initially worked as a freelance journalist on educational topics in the specialist journals Учител ( Utschitel ) and Училищен преглед ( Utschilischten pregled ). From 1905 she worked in the editorial offices of the educational magazine Учителска пробуда ( Utschitelska probuda ) and the women's magazine Женски глас ( Schenski glas ), in the latter from 1920 to 1944 as the main editor.

From 1928 she was the publisher and editor of the women's magazine Жената (Schenata), which dealt with legal issues in women's life. She also wrote a variety of articles on women's issues for various newspapers and magazines.

During the Balkan Wars , Dimitrana Iwanowa worked as a Red Cross nurse .

In 1914 she married Doncho Ivanov, secretary of the Russian Chamber of Commerce. Their three children were born in 1916, 1917 and 1918.

In her active struggle for women's rights, she repeatedly came across the need for legal knowledge. However, when she wanted to take up a part-time law degree at the University of Sofia in the 1920s, this was not possible because, according to current regulations, neither her school leaving certificate nor her studies abroad were sufficient as admission rights. She made up her school leaving certificate, completed her studies and achieved a full degree in 1927.

After the September Revolution on September 9, 1944, her life took a dramatic turn. On September 28, 1944, she was arrested because of her many relationships with German institutions and personalities, released after four months and banished from Sofia. It was not fully rehabilitated until 1959. She retired to her hometown of Russian, but later lived in Sofia again until her death on May 29, 1960.

Political activity

From 1926 to 1944 Dimitrana Iwanowa was chairwoman of the Bulgarian women's association. Here she was particularly committed to the equality of men and women in education, u. a. she suggested the establishment of a women's academy based on the model of Alice Salomon's Berlin Social Women's School . She enforced the right of women lawyers to work as lawyers and judges and was one of the first women lawyers herself.

Dimitrana Ivanova strongly advocated the political participation of women. In June 1911 she had already participated as a delegate at the Congress for Women's Suffrage of the Bulgarian Women's Association in Pleven. According to the Bulgarian constitution, women were not excluded from parliamentary elections, but they hardly exercised their rights due to traditional behavioral norms. It was therefore a matter of providing information and legal advice. In 1929 she was a participant in the International Congress for Women's Suffrage in Berlin. From 1937 onwards, married, divorced and widowed women in Bulgaria were given the right to vote in local elections from the age of 21 at the instigation of the women's association. However, they were still denied the right to stand as a candidate.

In addition, Dimitrana Iwanowa took a committed position on family issues, on the role of women as wives and mothers, on maternity leave and child protection . She was a member of the Association for the Fight against Child Crime, was one of the founding members of the Bulgarian Child Protection Association in 1925 and was its chairman until 1935. She took part in the congresses of the International Alliance of Women in Constantinople in 1935 and in Copenhagen in 1939.

swell

  1. ↑ biogr. Article on Dimitrana Ivanova in the Russe City Library
  2. ↑ Krassimra Daskalowa: The Women's Movement in Bulgaria in a live story. - in: Womens History Review, 13 (2004) 1
personal data
SURNAME Ivanova, Dimitrana
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ivanova, Dimitrana Petrowa (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bulgarian women's rights activist, teacher, educational reformer and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH February 1, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Russian
DATE OF DEATH May 29, 1960
Place of death Sofia