Draize test

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The Draize eye irritation test is applied since 1944 animal test in the toxicity determination , in which the substance to be tested is placed in the Lidsack of a rabbit eye. This is why it is also called the rabbit eye test. It is used to test the possible irritating effects of chemicals on the eye. Substances that are to be regarded as corrosive due to extreme pH values ​​or due to a corresponding finding from a skin irritation test may not be used in this test.

The test is extremely controversial - not only among opponents of animal experiments. It has largely been replaced by the hen's egg test on the chorionic allantoic membrane (HET-CAM). An equivalent animal model is also available with the Spanish slug , which also takes legal aspects into account.

The test is named after the American toxicologist John Henry Draize (1900–1992), who developed this test in 1944.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ OECD Guideline 405 , Chapter "Initial Considerations", Paragraphs 3–5.
  2. ↑ Elsner A, Tierversuche: The relevance for humans is controversial , in Dtsch Arztbl , 101/2004, pp. A-2511 / B-2118 / C-2038.
  3. ↑ See § 9 Paragraph 2 No. 1 TierSchG .
  4. ↑ Draize JH et al., Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes. In: J. Pharmacol. and Exp. Therapeutics. , 82/1944, pp. 377-390.

literature

  • Curren, RD & Harbell, JW (2002): Ocular safety: a silent ( in vitro ) success story. In: Aging. Lab. Anim. 2, 69-74.
  • Holden, C. (1988): Much work but slow going on alternatives to Draize test. In: Science 242, 185-186.
  • Holden, C. (1989): Cosmetics firms drop Draize test. In: Science 245, 125.
  • Kaufman, Stephen R .: Problems with the Draize Test. ( Memento of August 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). Americans for Medical Advancement.
  • Kay, JH & Calandra, JC (1962): Interpretation of eye irritation tests . In: J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 13, 281-289.
  • Weil, DS & Scala, RA (1971): Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 19, 276-360.
  • Wilhelmus, KR (2001): The Draize eye test. In: Surv. Ophthalmol. 45, 493-515.

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