Jabriyah

Jabrīya ( Arabic جبرية, DMG Ǧabrīya  'people of coercion') or Mujbira or Mujabbira (مجبرة / Muǧbira, Muǧabbira  / 'Zwinger') is a derogatory term that was or is used by various Islamic groups to denote the followers of predestinian and deterministic doctrines that they believed to be false. So it is not a separate school of theology. The term is derived from the Arabic word ǧabr , which means "compulsion, coercion, violence, the unalterable destiny of fate". The followers are called Jabrites .

The Ashʿarites used the term Jabrīya especially for the followers of Jahm bin Safwan (died around 746). They regard their own teaching as a compromise position between Qadarīya and Jabrīya. Muʿtazilites and Maturidites , on the other hand, saw the Ash alsarites as Jabrīya because, in their opinion, they rejected the correct doctrine of free will.

The Twelve Shia rather resorted to the term mujabbira and applied it not only to Ashʿarites, but also to Hanbalites . The deterministic worldview of the Jabrīya or Mujabbira is criticized primarily in the Kitāb an-Naqḍ , a Persian anti-Sunni polemic from the 1160s. According to the Kitāb an-Naqḍ , in Jabrīya a person has neither free will ( iḫtiyār ) nor actual power to do something . It is only a body with a destiny already determined in its originality. God is actually the one who acts, man is only the place where it happens.

See also

• Predestination in Islam
• Fatalism ; fate

literature

• M. Heidari-Abkenar: The ideological and political confrontation Shia-Sunna using the example of the city of Rey of the 10th-12th centuries Century AD Inaugural dissertation, University of Cologne, 1992. pp. 176–190.
• MS Khan: Muslim Philosophy and Philosophers . 1994 ( excerpt from Google book search)
• Ulrich Rudolph: Al-Maturidi and Sunni theology in Samarkand . 1996 ( excerpt from Google book search)
• William Montgomery Watt : " Dj abriyya" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. II, p. 365a.
• Philipp Wolff : The Druze and their predecessors. Vogel, Leipzig 1845 ( digitized version / table of contents ), p. 31 ff.

supporting documents

1. ↑ Josef van Ess : The One and the Other: Observations on Islamic Heresiographic Texts . Vol. I. De Gruyter, Berlin, 2011. p. 1245 ( excerpt from Google book search)
2. ↑ See Watt: " Dj abriyya" in EI² Vol. II, p. 365a.
3. ↑ Cf. Heidari-Abkenar: The ideological and political confrontation Schia-Sunna . 1992, p. 176.
4. ↑ Cf. Heidari-Abkenar: The ideological and political confrontation Schia-Sunna . 1992, pp. 182f.