You (personal pronoun)
That you called in the German language the personal pronoun 2nd person singular, designating another person directly or appeals.
General
In contrast to modern English, the German language distinguishes between you and you . (The distinction between Thou , which was equivalent to the German Du in terms and etymology , and You became extinct in it after the 17th century, so that You remained the only form of address in English.)
The Du is usually used to address minors and / or people you know better: for example, friends, family members .
The transition from you to you usually requires an agreement. This is done by offering the you , which is usually done by the older person . In some groups that is you practice even without explicit agreement. Sometimes there are ceremonies like brotherhood drinking or pouting . The decline in you is often linked to a deterioration in relationships and is mostly caused by them.
The use of the Du is colloquially referred to as " Duzen ", analogous to "Siezen" .
As a rule, the you (you, yours, you) is written in lower case, the capitalization rule of nouning also applies to the you. With the introduction of the spelling reform in 1996 , the previously customary capitalization became an expression of courtesy e.g. B. first deleted in letters, but allowed again with the changes to the spelling in 2006: In letters, the pronouns "you" and "her" can also be capitalized with their possessive pronouns (§ 66). A confusion that has not subsided to this day was caused by the resolution of the German news agencies in December 1998 to implement the spelling reform, which states: "The confidential salutation pronouns you and you, as well as the associated possessive pronouns dein, your, etc. continue to be capitalized ”, with which you and her not only practiced a consistent capitalization , but even incorrectly issued it as part of the old spelling.
In colloquial language, the second person singular is increasingly being used as the subject of what are actually impersonal statements, in which “man” is usually used in written language.
"... and suddenly you find out that you have been betrayed."
"When you're on the field, your excitement is suddenly gone."
This development shows a parallelism to the English and Low German languages, in which the paraphrase “you” or “du” is most common for impersonal statements, in which “man” is usually used in High German.
etymology
That is common. Personal pronouns mhd. , Ahd. Dū̆ go back to idg. Tū̆ with Latin tu and corresponding words in almost all Indo-European languages .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ [1] , fifth paragraph in italics from the bottom
- ^ The dictionary of origin (= Der Duden in twelve volumes . Volume 7 ). 5th edition. Dudenverlag, Berlin 2014 ( p. 233 ).
