Free fall bomb
An unguided bomb ( Engl. Unguided bomb ), also unguided bomb or dumb bomb , is a bomb that without any steering system in its ballistic fall trajectory towards their goal.
etymology
The term free-fall bomb or "stupid bomb" only came up when so-called precision - guided ammunition with a guidance system was introduced around 1970 . Thanks to the computer-aided calculation of the point of impact ( Constantly Computed Impact Point , CCIP) in modern aircraft, free-fall bombs can now also be dropped relatively precisely. In order to increase the accuracy, free-fall bombs also have guide fins at the stern and are set in a stabilizing rotary movement when released.
variants
The basis for the western bomb covers are based on the Mk-80 series designed by Douglas in 1946 . This is also known as the multi-purpose aerodynamic bomb. Contact fuses are usually used, which detonate when an object is hit. Alternatively, however, delay detonators, proximity detonators or detonators triggered by altitude measurement are also used. A special form of free-fall bombs were the roll bombs that were widespread in World War II and were used to destroy dams.
American free-fall bomb types
- Mark 81 LDGP (260 lb / 113 kg free fall bomb)
- Mark 82 LDGP (540 lb / 227 kg free fall bomb)
- Mark 83 LDGP (1040 lb / 460 kg free fall bomb)
- Mark 84 LDGP (2020 lb / 925 kg free fall bomb)
- M117 (820 lb / 340 kg free fall bomb)
- M118 LDGP (3020 lb / 1380 kg free fall bomb)
- B61 (340 kiloton free-fall nuclear weapon)
French free fall bomb types
- Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) 125 kg free-fall bomb; (analogous to Mk.81)
- SAMP BL EU2 (250 kg free-fall bomb with braking parachute)
- SAMP EU2 (250 kg free-fall bomb; analogous to Mk.82)
- SAMP 25FE (250 kg free-fall bomb; analogous to Mk.82)
- SAMP T200 (400 kg free-fall bomb; analogous to Mk.83)
- SAMP BL4 (1000 kg free-fall bomb; analogous to Mk.84)
British free fall bomb types
- Royal Ordnance 540-lb-Mk.1 / Mk.2 / Mk.3-General Purpose (GP) Bomb (260 kg free-fall bomb)
- Royal Ordnance 1,000-lb Mk.10 / Mk.18 / Mk.20-GP Bomb (430 kg free-fall bomb)
Italian free fall bomb types
- SEI BA-102 (227 kg free fall bomb)
- SEI BA-103 (454 kg free fall bomb)
- SEI BA-104 (908 kg free fall bomb)
Spanish free fall bomb types
- Expal BR 50 (50 kg free fall bomb)
- Expal BR 125 (125 kg free fall bomb)
- Expal BR 250 (551-lb / 250-kg free fall bomb)
- Expal BRP 250 (250 kg delayed free fall bomb)
- Expal BRP.S 250 (delayed 250 kg free fall bomb for dropping at low altitude)
- Expal BRF 250 (250 kg fragmentation bomb )
- Expal BRFP 250 (250 kg delayed fragmentation bomb)
- Expal BRFP.S 250 (delayed 250 kg fragment bomb for dropping at low altitude)
- Expal BRFA 375 (375 kg free fall bomb with hardened bow)
- Expal BR 500 (500 kg free fall bomb)
- Expal BR 1000 (500 kg free fall bomb)
Russian / Soviet free-fall bomb types
- Basalt FAB-100 (100 kg free fall bomb)
- Basalt FAB-250 (250 kg free fall bomb)
- Basalt FAB-500 (500 kg free fall bomb)
- Basalt FAB-1000 (1000 kg free fall bomb)
- Basalt FAB-1500 (1500 kg free fall bomb)
- Basalt FAB-3000 (3000 kg free fall bomb)
- Basalt FAB-9000 (9000 kg free fall bomb)
literature
- Florian Angerer: The conventional decapitation in the context of modern wars: political, economic and social aspects , vdf Hochschulverlag AG, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7281-3316-8 .
- Society for Defense and Security Policy, Working Group for Defense Research, Clausewitz Society, German Strategy Forum, Society for Security Policy and Arms Control: European Security , Volume 58, Issues 7–12, ES Mittler, 2009
- Thomas Stamm-Kuhlmann, Reinhard Wolf: Rocket armament and international security from 1942 to today , Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-515-08282-2 .
